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Transcript
Unit 3: Study Guide Test Date: _________________________________ Objectives: Can you….? List the scientists who contributed to our knowledge of the cell. 1. ___________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________ 5. ____________________________________________ List the 3 components of the cell theory. 1.__________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.__________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.__________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 1 Compare prokaryote to eukaryote cells using the t-chart. Describe the functions of all cell organelles. 1. Mitochondrion: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Cell membrane: __________________________________________________________ 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum: __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2 4. Nucleus:_________________________________________________________________ 5. Ribosomes:_______________________________________________________________ 6. Golgi Body: ______________________________________________________________ 7. Vacuoles: _______________________________________________________________ 8. Nucleolus: ______________________________________________________________ 9. Nuclear Membrane: ______________________________________________________ 10. Chloroplasts:___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 11. Lysosomes: ____________________________________________________________ 12. Cytoplasm: ______________________________________________________________ What are three differences between animal and plant cells? 1. 2. 3. 3 Early Contributions: ________________________- The first person to see cells, he was looking at cork and noted that he saw "a great many boxes. (1665) _______________________- Observed living cells in pond water, which he called "animalcules" (1673) ________________________- zoologist who observed that the tissues of animals had cells (1839) _______________________- botanist, observed that the tissues of plants contained cells (1845) _________________________ - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known as cells. He also predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 ) The Cell Theory: 1. Every living organism is made of one or more __________________. 2. The cell is the basic unit of ____________and __________________. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing _________________. 4 Cell Features: (All cells have these characteristics) _______________________ - make protein for use by the organism _______________________ - jelly-like goo on the inside of the cell _______________________ - genetic material _______________________ - outer boundary of the cell, some stuff can cross the cell membrane. CELL MEMBRANE (or plasma membrane) The __________________________________is semi-permeable (selectively permeable). It is composed of a double- layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins Jobs of the cell membrane Isolate the cytoplasm from the external environment Regulate what comes in and what goes out. Communicate with other cells Phospholipids (fats) contain a hydrophilic head and a nonpolar hydrophobic tail, which creates a barrier. 5 Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the earth. They are always ___________________organisms. They have a cell wall. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a _____________________. Their DNA is floating in the cytoplasm in a circular loop called a ________________________. Bacteria are ______________________, or single-celled organisms. Label the Bacteria. Use your notes and diagrams from class. The word "prokaryote" means "before the nucleus" Other features found in some bacteria: _________________ - used for movement _________________- small hair-like structures used for attaching to other cells ________________ - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful bacteria 6 Eukaryotic Cells (Plant and Animal Cells) Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. These cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small unicellular "animalcules"). The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts: ______________________ - outer boundary of the cell _____________________ - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell _____________________- the "control center" of the cell, contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes) _____________________ - "little organs" that carry out cell functions Cell Structures - Organelles 1. The Nucleus Usually found at center of cell Has a nuclear ___________________ which contains nuclear pores Contains cell's DNA in one of 2 forms o _________________- DNA bound to protein (non-dividing cell) o __________________- condesed structures seen in dividing cell Also contains an organelle called _________________- which makes the cell’s ribosomes. 7 2. Mitochondria: Energy center or "___________________" of the cell. Turns food into useable energy (ATP) 3. Ribosome – make________________________, located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and throughout the cytoplasm 4. Golgi Apparatus - processing, packages and secretes proteins; ________________are transported in vesicles 8 5. _______________________ - contains digestive enzymes that can break things down, also called a "suicide sac" because the rupturing of the lysosome will cause the cell to destroy itself 6. ______________________________________ - Transport, "intracellular highway". Ribosomes are positioned along the rough ER, protein made by the ribosomes enter the ER for transport. ______________________ ER - no ribosomes _______________________ER - contains ribosomes 9 7. _____________________________- helps maintain the cells shape; supports the cell and aids in cell movement. It is composed of microtubules which are made by the centrioles. 8. _____________________________ - storage area for water and other substances, plant cells usually have a large central vacuole Plant Cell: Has all the components of animal cells with some additional structures. 9. ______________________ - Uses sunlight to create food, photosynthesis (only found in plant cells), contains green pigment chlorophyll 10. __________________________ - outside the cell membrane of plants and some bacteria, the cell wall serves as support 10 11. ___________________________ - large water container, helps maintain a turgor (stiffness) in the plant Cell Structures and Processes 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________ 3. _____________________ 4. _____________________ 5. _____________________ 6. _____________________ 7. _____________________ 8. _____________________ 9. _____________________ 10. ____________________ 11. ____________________ 12. ____________________ 13. ____________________ 14. ____________________ 15. ____________________ 16. What is the difference between smooth and rough ER? 11 A. ___________________________ B. ___________________________ C. ___________________________ D. ___________________________ E. ___________________________ F. ___________________________ G. ___________________________ H. ___________________________ I. ___________________________ J. ___________________________ K. ___________________________ L. ___________________________ M. ___________________________ N. ___________________________ List the structures found in plants, but not animal cells: 12 1. What part of the cell is responsible for breaking down and digesting things? ribosomes lysosomes endoplasmic reticulum vacuole 2. Identify the organelle pictured. chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus mitochondria 3. What part of the cell serves as the intracellular highway? endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus cell membrane mitochondria 4. Which of the following would you NOT find in a bacterial cell? DNA cell membrane golgi apparatus ribosomes 5. Which of the following is found in plant cells, but not animal cells? cell wall vacuole mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum 13 6. The jellylike interior of the cell is called the: vacuole cytoplasm cytoskeleton nucleus 7. Identify the organelle. golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria lysosome 8. What part of the cell makes proteins? ribosomes mitochondria lysosomes vacuole 9. Where are ribosomes usually located in animal and plant cells? inside the nucleus near the cell membrane on the endoplasmic reticulum inside the vacuole 10. What part of the cell serves to process, package and export proteins? mitochondria 14 endoplasmic reticulum nucleolus golgi apparatus Comparing Cells Use what you know about each type of cell (reference pictures if needed), and place a check in the box if the cell has that characteristic or structure. Bacteria Plant Animal Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytosol Central Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondrion 15