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Transcript
Cell Transport and Division Rebecca Maloney, Ciara O’Shea, Madeleine Skipworth, Will Rips, Jonathan Wakeman Period 1 Passive Transport • Movement of material down the concentration gradient • Does NOT require energy from the cell • Diffusion – The movement of random particles down the concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium • Osmosis – The movement of water to create equilibrium Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion – Passive transport by proteins (no energy required) – Channel Proteins • Form channels to allow specific molecules to flow through – Carrier Proteins • Change shape to allow a substance to pass through the membrane Diffusion • Isotonic – The [solutes] and [water] inside and outside the cell are the same • Hypotonic – the [solutes] outside the cell lower than inside the cell. The [water] is higher outside the cell. • Hypertonic – The [solutes] outside the cell is higher than inside the cell. The [water] is lower outside the cell Active Transport • Movement of materials though a membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient – Requires energy from cell Transport of Large Molecules • Endocytosis- the process by which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment.(engulfea) • Exocytosis- the expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell. • Diffusion • Osmosis Cell Cycle • The life cycle of a cell; events when the cell grows and divides Mitosis • Interphase – When the cell grows and replicates its DNA and centrioles • Prophase – Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Centrioles separate, and a spindle forms. The nuclear envelope begins to break down Mitosis • Metaphase – Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each one is connected to a spindle fiver at its centromere • Anaphase – The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart Mitosis • Telophase – The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell, the chromosomes begin to loose their definite shape • Cytokinesis – The cytoplasm pinches in half, each daughter cell has an identical set of chromosomes Control of Cell Cycle • Enzymes work to monitor a cells progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle • Some enzymes work to replicate DNA, some begin cell division, and others control the rest of the cell cycle Cancer • A mistake in the cell cycle • Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell division caused by genetic and environmental factors • Uncontrolled cell division occurs when – Cells fail to produce certain enzymes – Enzymes are over produced – Enzymes are produced at the wrong time Stages of Cancer • Cancer cells result from a change in one or more genes • Form masses of tissue called tumors that deprive normal cells of nutrients • Later cancer can enter the circulatory system and spread throughout the body Question 1 Passive transport is the movement of materials _________ the concentration gradient. a. Through b. Against c. Down d. Up Question 2 Osmosis if the movement of ________ to create equilibrium. a. b. c. d. Water Particles Molecules Cells Question 3 What is the correct order of the cell cycle? a. b. c. d. G1, G2, S, M M, S, G1, G2 S, G1, M, G2 M, G1, S, G2 Question 4 Which phase is this? a. b. c. d. Metaphase Anaphase Prophase Telophase Question 5 Which type of transport requires energy? a. Active b. Passive Question 6 What is the first stage of mitosis? a. b. c. d. Interphase Prophase Anaphase Cytokinesis Question 7 ________ solution: the [solutes] outside the cell is lower than inside the cell. a. Isotonic b. Hypertonic c. Hypotonic Question 8 What does [x] mean? Question 9 Cancer is the result of what? Question 10 What is one example of uncontrolled cell division? Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. C 10. Cells fail to produce certain A enzymes/ enzymes D are overproduced/ A enzymes are A produced at the B wrong time C Concentration of x Uncontrolled cell division