Download Cell Transport and Division

Cell Transport and Division
Rebecca Maloney, Ciara O’Shea,
Madeleine Skipworth, Will Rips,
Jonathan Wakeman
Period 1
Passive Transport
• Movement of material down the
concentration gradient
• Does NOT require energy from the cell
• Diffusion
– The movement of random particles down the
concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium
• Osmosis
– The movement of water to create equilibrium
Diffusion
• Facilitated Diffusion
– Passive transport by proteins (no energy required)
– Channel Proteins
• Form channels to
allow specific
molecules to flow
through
– Carrier Proteins
• Change shape to
allow a
substance to
pass through
the membrane
Diffusion
• Isotonic
– The [solutes] and [water] inside and outside the
cell are the same
• Hypotonic
– the [solutes] outside the cell lower than inside the
cell. The [water] is higher outside the cell.
• Hypertonic
– The [solutes] outside the cell is higher than inside
the cell. The [water] is lower outside the cell
Active Transport
• Movement of materials though a membrane
AGAINST a concentration gradient
– Requires energy from cell
Transport of Large Molecules
• Endocytosis- the process by which a cell
surrounds and takes in material from its
environment.(engulfea)
• Exocytosis- the expulsion or secretion of
materials from a cell.
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
Cell Cycle
• The life cycle of a cell; events when the cell
grows and divides
Mitosis
• Interphase
– When the cell grows and replicates its DNA and
centrioles
• Prophase
– Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Centrioles separate, and a spindle forms. The
nuclear envelope begins to break down
Mitosis
• Metaphase
– Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Each one is connected to a spindle fiver at its
centromere
• Anaphase
– The sister chromatids separate into individual
chromosomes and are moved apart
Mitosis
• Telophase
– The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the
cell, the chromosomes begin to loose their
definite shape
• Cytokinesis
– The cytoplasm pinches in half, each daughter cell
has an identical set of chromosomes
Control of Cell Cycle
• Enzymes work to monitor a cells progress
from phase to phase during the cell cycle
• Some enzymes work to replicate DNA, some
begin cell division, and others control the rest
of the cell cycle
Cancer
• A mistake in the cell cycle
• Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell
division caused by genetic and environmental
factors
• Uncontrolled cell division occurs when
– Cells fail to produce certain enzymes
– Enzymes are over produced
– Enzymes are produced at the wrong time
Stages of Cancer
• Cancer cells result from a change in one or
more genes
• Form masses of tissue called tumors that
deprive normal cells of nutrients
• Later cancer can enter the circulatory system
and spread throughout the body
Question 1
Passive transport is the movement of materials
_________ the concentration gradient.
a. Through
b. Against
c. Down
d. Up
Question 2
Osmosis if the movement of ________ to create
equilibrium.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Water
Particles
Molecules
Cells
Question 3
What is the correct order of the cell cycle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
G1, G2, S, M
M, S, G1, G2
S, G1, M, G2
M, G1, S, G2
Question 4
Which phase is this?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Question 5
Which type of transport requires energy?
a. Active
b. Passive
Question 6
What is the first stage of mitosis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Interphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Cytokinesis
Question 7
________ solution: the [solutes] outside the cell
is lower than inside the cell.
a. Isotonic
b. Hypertonic
c. Hypotonic
Question 8
What does [x] mean?
Question 9
Cancer is the result of what?
Question 10
What is one example of uncontrolled cell
division?
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
C
10. Cells fail to
produce certain
A
enzymes/ enzymes
D
are overproduced/
A
enzymes are
A
produced at the
B
wrong time
C
Concentration of x
Uncontrolled cell division