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Biology AP
CHAPTERS 6 CELL AND 7 MEMBRANES
CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS
OBJECTIVES AND VOCAB
Chapter 6 Objectives Cell
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Relate the structures of the subcellular organelles and membrane structures to their
functions: (See table for complete list of cell parts, structures, and functions).
Use an analogy to a familiar item to teach your peers about the structure and function
of a cell part or cellular system.
Describe how all the cell parts interact to produce cellular products, with an emphasis
on protein production.
Introduce how organelles function together in cellular processes, such as energy
production and movement.
Propose a hypothesis to describe the evolution of various eukaryotic organelles, such
as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the endomembrane system.
Describe the factors that limit cell size.
Determine the most appropriate metric units and the most appropriate type of
microscope to use to view tiny biological structures such as cells, cell parts, and
biological molecules.
Chapter 7 Objectives Cell Membrane
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Understand the biochemistry of phospholipids and how they are organized into
membranes.
Understand the importance of selective permeability in biological systems.
Know the function of each of the four major components of a cell membrane.
Differentiate among diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
Describe the six classes of membrane proteins and how each performs life functions
for the organism.
Describe solution and solute movement into and out of a cell under hypertonic
(hyperosmotic), hypotonic (hypoosmotic), or isotonic (isoosmotic) conditions.
Describe the operation of the sodium potassium pump and the proton pump.
Explain and give examples of endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis.
Describe the four types of cell signaling: Autocrine, Juxtacrine, Paracrine, Endocrine
Compare and contrast communicating junctions, gap junctions, and plasmodesmata.
Using surface area to volume ratio, explain why cells must remain small.
Cell Signaling Objectives (from notes and POGIL)
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Compare the signaling mechanisms of hydrophilic cell signals and hydrophobic
cell signals.
Identify the major molecules involved in the second messenger system: signal,
signal receptor, GTP, G-proteins and G-protein linked receptor.
Explain a model that expresses the steps of signal transduction pathways by which
a signal is converted to a cellular response
o include the terms kinase, phosphatase, and amplification
Lab Objectives:
 Relate the mechanisms of diffusion and osmosis and their importance to cells.
 Explain the effects of solute size and concentration gradients on diffusion across
selectively permeable membranes.
 Explain the effects of a selectively permeable membrane on diffusion and osmosis
between two solutions separated by the membrane.
 Explain the relationship between solute concentration and pressure and the water
potential of a solution.
 Explain the concept of molarity and its relationship to solute concentration/
osmotic concentration.
 Measure the water potential of a solution in a controlled experiment.
 Determine the osmotic concentration of living tissue or an unknown solution from
experimental data.
 Describe the effects of water gain or loss in animal and plant cells.
 Relate osmotic potential to solute concentration and water potential.