Download Biology Assessment #3:

County Benchmark Exam #3:
Meiosis, Genetics/Heredity, DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
DNA
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What is DNA?
Where is DNA located in a cell?
Describe the structure and shape of DNA.
Draw and label the structure/parts of a nucleotide.
Explain which DNA bases pair with each other.
What is DNA replication? When does it occur and why is it important?
Meiosis
1. Explain the purpose of meiosis.
2. Why is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction to occur?
3. What is crossing over and when does it occur?
4. How does sexual reproduction increase variation within a species?
5. Why is there little variation in asexually reproducing organisms?
6. Identify the number of chromosomes in human haploid cells, diploid cells, sex cells, gametes, and
somatic cells.
7. What is the meaning of n and 2n?
8. How is a zygote formed?
9. What is the chromosome # in a zygote? Why or how?
10. Compare parent and daughter cells before and after mitosis (discuss chromosome #s).
11. Compare parent and daughter cells before and after meiosis (discuss chromosome #s).
Protein Synthesis
1. Identify and compare the 3 types of RNA (location, function/purpose, etc.)
2. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA (location, function, size/structure/shape, nitrogen bases, etc.)
3. Explain how protein synthesis occurs. Explain the steps of transcription/translation. What is the role
of different the types of RNA and of DNA in protein synthesis?
4. How are amino acids coded for?
5. Why are DNA and proteins important to living organisms?
6. What is a mutation? Why are mutations significant?
Genetics
1. Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits and inheritance.
2. Be able to use Punnett squares to complete problems. Draw a diagram to explain how to set up and
use a Punnett square.
3. Explain the difference between phenotypes and genotypes. Give examples of each.
4. Explain the difference between heterozygous and homozygous genotypes. Give examples of each.
5. How are sex-linked traits inherited differently than regular traits?
6. What is a pedigree? What can we learn from examining one?
Genetic Technology
1. What is recombinant DNA and how is it formed?
2. What is gene splicing?
3. Explain the uses DNA fingerprinting.
4. How do scientists interpret a DNA fingerprint?
5. What is cloning?
6. What are mutations? How are they related to genetic technology and engineering?
7. How can scientists determine degrees of relatedness between organisms?
Important Terms
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mitosis
meiosis
crossing over
haploid
diploid
somatic cell
gamete
egg
sperm
zygote
chromosome
cell cycle
interphase
genetics
heredity
gene
allele
dominant trait
recessive trait
homozygous
heterozygous
phenotype
genotype
proportions/ratios
sex-linked trait
monohybrid cross
pedigree
DNA
RNA
protein synthesis
transcription
translation
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
ribosomes
nucleus
DNA replication
mutation
amino acid
peptide
gene splicing
DNA fingerprinting
cloning
recombinant DNA