Download Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Study Guide

Second Nine Weeks Study Guide
How things move into and out of cells
Know the following terms:
Osmosis – the diffusion of water through a membrane
Diffusion – movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
Active/Passive transport – diffusion of molecules through a protein channel that are too large
to pass through the pores of the cell. Active requires energy and passive does not because the
particles are moving down the concentration gradient.
Endocytosis – the engulfing of large particles to move into the cell
Exocytosis – the movement of large particles out of the cell
Prokaryotic – cell without a nucleus – Example: Bacteria
Eukaryotic - cell with a nucleus
Cells divide through a process called Mitosis – The DNA is copied along with all the other
organelles – they move to opposite sides of the cell and then the cell divides. This produces
new cells that are identical to the original cell. (This is how more body cells are produced)
Photosynthesis – Cellular Respiration (Know Both of these equations)
Photosynthesis – this process takes place in the Chloroplast of the cell
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight -------- Glucose + Oxygen
Cellular Respiration – this process takes place in the mitochondrion of the cell
Glucose + Oxygen ---------Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP (useable cell energy)
Know the “chemical” representations for each of the chemicals in BOTH equations
Fermentation is cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen – produces lactic acid as a waste
product that will cause muscle cramps.
Cells need nutrients to: grow and develop, divide, and to perform functions
Homeostasis – the maintenance of a stable internal environment – Examples of things we do
to maintain this are: sweating, increase breathing rate, and make new cells to replace old
worn out ones.
Breathing is a process by which our tissues get the oxygen they need to live.
Know these main cell organelles and their function (job):
Nucleus – control center of the cell – tells everything what to do – contains DNA material
Lysosomes – release chemicals that break down and get rid of old cell parts
Mitochondria – this is where cellular respiration takes place and is where the energy (ATP) is
made for the cells
Vacuoles – storage tanks for water and other materials
Cell Wall – protects and supports (found only in plant cells)
Cell Membrane – controls what gets in and out of the cell – every cell has one
Cell Theory: know all three parts
All cells come from existing cells
All living things are made of one or more cells
The cells is the smallest unit of life
Autotroph – organism that can make its own food (example: plants)
Heterotroph – Organism that cannot make its own food - We are Heterotrophs. We get our
food from eating plants and other animals that eat plants.
The ULTIMATE source of energy for all living things is the SUN!
Asexual reproduction – only needs ONE parent – offspring are identical to parent
Sexual reproduction – TWO parents are needed – produces offspring that are NOT identical
but are a combination of both parents.