Download 2 Types of Selective Breeding

Genetic Technology
Applied Genetics
For thousands of years people have tried to produce __________________________ with desirable traits
_________ methods that people use to develop organisms with desirable traits:
1) Selective Breeding – a process of selecting a few organisms with _______________ to serve as parents of
the ___________ EX: Cows that ___________ milk, vegetables that _____________
2 Types of Selective Breeding
1) ____________________ – crossing 2 individuals with similar sets of genes to produce specific traits
(may lead to genetic disorders)
2) _______________– crossing 2 genetically different individuals to have the best of both parents
2) Cloning – producing organisms that are _______________ to the organism form which it was produced
3) Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA) – genes from one organism are _________________ into the DNA
of another organism, used to produce ___________, improve ______________ and help _____________
_______________________ (such as insulin, HGH, Factor VIII)
Three Steps Involved:
1) __________- using restrictive enzymes to ________ (cut) the foreign DNA fragment to be inserted.
Use the Restrictive Enzymes Hae III and EcoRI to cut the DNA below:
Hae III=CCGG
GGCC
EcoRI=GAATTC (palindrome)
CTTAAG
2) __________the DNA fragment to a “vehicle” or __________
3) ________________the vehicle into the ___________ (_______________) organism
Additional Terms:
Plasmids- small _____________ found only in bacterial cells
Gene splicing- ____________ of DNA fragments
Transgenic Organism- organism that contains the ____________ DNA
Vectors (vehicles)- may be _______________or ____________________
*Biological Vectors: _____________ and ______________
*Mechanical Vectors: ________________ and ________________________
__________________________________ (PCR) is a technique where ________ of copies of tiny _____ fragments are cloned in
hours.
The Human Genome and Applications

Human Genome Project- is an _____________________ to completely _________ and _______________the approximately
________________ genes on the 46 human chromosomes

Linkage Maps are used to show the ______________________________ on the chromosomes.
Applications of the human Genome Project:

Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders- uses ___________________________________________________

Gene Therapy- normal genes are _____________________ into human cells

DNA Fingerprinting- DNA (genes) _________________ are used to determine ______________, solve ___________________,
and __________ (DNA can be derived from blood, skin, semen, saliva, etc.)


Electrophoresis- ________________used to create a _______________________, DNA is placed into a _____ and an
________________ is applied ____________ the _____________charged DNA fragments ___________ the
______________________ of the gel; creates unique DNA patterns.
Analyze DNA Fingerprint Below:
Which couple does Baby 1 belong to? _______________ Baby 2? ______________ Baby 3? ______________