Download Unit # 3 – Cells, Histology, Integumentary system Test Bank

Unit # 3 – Cells, Histology, Integumentary
system Test Bank
3.01 Identify the four principle parts of a generalized animal cell and their functions (nucleus,
cytosol, organelles, & cell membrane).
1. Identify the four parts of an animal cell.
2. The division of the cytoplasm in cell division is known as:
a. cytoscopy
b. cytosol
c. cytokinesis
d. cytoplamicopy
3. The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is a:
a. atom
b. cell
c. gene
d. DNA molecule
4. What are the four major parts of an animal cell and what are the functions of each?
5. The four principle components of generalized animal cells include all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. cell membrane
b. cytosol
c. organelles
d. hormones
3.02 Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane.
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
a. a physical barrier that encloses the cellular contents
b. a selectively permeable membrane
c. a source of energy
d. a receptor site for hormones
2. These are found in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. cholesterol
d. all of the above
3. True/False – The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic.
4. The cell membrane of a human cell is composed of:
a. cellulose
b. cellulose and protein
c. cellulose and lipids
d. lipids and protein
5. Which of the following correctly describes the structural arrangement of the cell membrane?
a. a solid, rigid layer of phospholipids with loosely bound protein molecules
b. a bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded
c. strong layers of protein molecules where carbohydrate molecules freely float
d. made of three layers: lipids on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates on
the outside
6. The functions of the cells membrane include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. is a physical barrier that encloses the cellular contents
b. is selectively permeable membrane
c. is a source of energy
d. is a receptor site for hormones
7. These type of membrane proteins function as channels or gates in the plasma membrane:
a. peripheral proteins
b. integral proteins
c. glycoproteins
d. enzymatic proteins
3. 03 Describe a selectively permeable membrane and factors which influence permeability.
1. Which one is NOT a factor influencing permeability of the cell membrane?
a. size of the molecule
b. structure of the molecule
c. location of receptor site
d. charges of ions
2. Describe what it means for a membrane to be selectively permeable.
3. Permeability is:
a. the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser
concentration
b. the ability to allow only certain substances to pass through
c. the state of being permanent
d. a term that only applies to cells and their membranes
4. A membrane that permits the passage of certain substances, but restricts the passage of
others is known as:
a. selectively permeable
b. practically permeable
c. relatively permeable
d. nonpermeable
3.04 Contrast intracellular and extracellular fluid in terms of location and composition.
1. Intracellular fluid:
a. has a higher concentration of sodium
b. has a high concentration of potassium
c. is found outside the cell
d. is found inside the cell
2. Which of the following is a type of INTRA cellular fluid?
a. plasma
b. interstitial fluid
c. extracellular fluid
d. cytosol
3.05 Describe each of the following cellular transport processes and classify them as active or
passive (Passive – diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, dialysis and filtration. Active –
Phagocytosis, exocytosis, and active transport).
1. Osmosis is:
a. movement of a substance across a membrane from high to low concentration
b. movement of water across a membrane from low to high concentration
c. movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
d. movement of water across a membrane from high to low concentration
2. Diffusion is:
a. movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low
concentration
b. movement of a substance from an area of low to high concentration
c. engulfing of solid particles
d. movement of substances from an area of high to low concentration
3. True/False – Facilitated diffusion requires ATP.
4. True/False – Exocytosis is an example of passive transport.
5. Molecules move down a concentration gradient in all of the following processes EXCEPT:
a. osmosis
b. filtration
c. facilitate diffusion
d. endocytosis
6. A passive process in which water molecules move from an area of higher concentration to
an area of low concentration is known as:
a. Phagocytosis
b. pinocytosis
c. osmosis
d. diffusion
7. Phagocytosis:
a. cell eating
b. cell drinking
c. cell movement
d. cell distribution
8. All of the following are considered methods of passive transport EXCEPT:
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. Na+/K+ pump
d. filtration
9. Diffusion of a water molecule is known as:
a. facilitated diffusion
b. hydrolysis
c. osmosis
d. phagocytosis
10. All of the following are mechanisms of active transport EXCEPT:
a. the sodium/potassium pump
b. exocytosis
c. filtration
d. pinocytosis
3.06 Review the osmotic effects that occur when a cell is placed is an isotonic, hypotonic, or
hypertonic solution.
1. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution what happens to the water in the cell?
a. Nothing
b. the water moves out of the cell
c. the water moves into the cell
d. water moves out of the cell and then back into the cell
2. If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution:
a. water moves out of the cell
b. water moves into the cell
c. no water movement happens
d. water moves out of the cell and then back into the cell
3. A cell in a hypotonic solution:
a. loses water
b. gains water
c. neither gains or loses water
d. gains and loses water in equal amounts
4. A cell in an isotonic solution:
a. loses water
b. gains water
c. neither gains or loses water
d. gains and loses water in equal amounts
5. A cell in a hypertonic solution:
a. loses water
b. gains water
c. neither gains or loses water
d. gains and loses water in equal amounts
6. Explain why limp celery become crisp when placed in water.
7. You dream that you are floating on a raft in the middle of the ocean. The sun’s hot, you’re
thirsty, and you are surrounded by water. You want to take a long, cool drink of seawater, but
something you learned in MAP stops you from drinking and saves your life! Why didn’t you
drink the seawater?
8. When cells are placed in a solution that has an EQUAL concentration of solutes and fluid as
the cell, the solution and the cell are said to be:
a. hypotonic
b. hypertonic
c. hydrophobic
d. isotonic
3.07 Describe the function of the following structures within the cell (nucleolus, gene,
chromatin, chromosome, DNA, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex,
mitochondria, Lysosomes, vacuole, peroxisome, microfilaments, microtubules, centrioles,
centrosomes, flagella, cilia, microvilli).
1. What organelle is a network of tubes in the cell used for intracellular transport?
a. vacuole
b. Lysosomes
c. mitochondria
d. endoplasmic reticulum
2. Where are nutrients broken down to produce ATP during the process of aerobic cellular
respiration?
a. mitochondria
b. ribosome
c. golgi complex
d. Lysosome
3. What organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
a. vacuole
b. golgi apparatus
c. ribosome
d. endoplasmic reticulum
4. Which organelle is used for locomotion of the cell?
a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. flagellum
d. chromatin
5. Digest worn out organelles, food particles, or engulfed bacteria and viruses:
a. mitochondria
b. Lysosomes
c. golgi complex
d. endoplasmic reticulum
6. Is the control center of the cell and directs all cellular activities and protein synthesis
a. cytosol
b. nucleus
c. nucleolus
d. chromosome
7. True/False – Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances.
8. True/False – Microvilli increase the surface area of a cell.
9. Of the following organelles, which stores digested food and water?
a. vacuole
b. golgi complex
c. mitochondria
d. endoplasmic reticulum
10. The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. fats
d. cholesterol
11. Projections from the cell that moves material and mucus across the surface of the cell are:
a. microtubules
b. microvilli
c. flagella
d. cilia
12. The major energy production site of the cell is the:
a. golgi complex
b. ribosomes
c. mitochondria
d. endoplasmic reticulum
13. DNA is a major component of which cell organelle?
a. Lysosomes
b. ribosomes
c. mitochondria
d. nucleus
14. Which of the following organelles packages, sorts, and delivers cell products?
a. vacuole
b. golgi complex
c. mitochondria
d. mitochondria
Matching
15. Responsible for packaging proteins and sugars
16. Transport system that may or may not have ribosomes
17. A small structure within the nucleus that produces RNA
18. Produces ATP for the cell during cellular respiration
19. Spherical organelle which directs all cellular function
20. Membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes
21. Responsible for protein synthesis
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. golgi complex
c. nucleolus
d. nucleus
e. ribosomes
f. lysosomes
g. mitochondria
22. The section of the DNA molecule that contains the genetic code for specific proteins is
called a:
a. chromosome
b. gene
c. chromatin
d. nucleoli
23. The site where nutrients are broken down and ATP is produced during the process of
cellular (Aerobic) respiration: (Powerhouse of the cell)
a. mitochondria
b. ribosome
c. golgi complex
d. lysosome
24. The three components that make up nucleotides include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. a ribose or dioxyribose sugar
b. a nitrogenous base
c. a phosphate molecule
d. a sodium chloride molecule
25. Modifications of the plasma membrane that increase surface area of the plasma
membrane to assist in the process of absorption are:
a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. flagellum
d. centrioles
26. These cellular structures function as poles or attraction sites form chromosomes during cell
division:
a. centrioles
b. peroxisomes
c. genes
d. nucleoli
27. A site of lipid synthesis within the cell:
a. golgi apparatus
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. centrosomes
28. If a section of DNA that coded for a particular protein had the nitrogenous base sequence
TAGCCGCGTA the complimentary strand of mRNA would be:
a. ATCGGCGATU
b. ACTUUTTTUC
c. UGCCTUACCT
d. AUCGGCGCAU
29. Modifications of the plasma membrane that can actually propel the cell are:
a. flagellum
b. cilia
c. microvilli
d. microtrabecular lattice work
3.08 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
1. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
2. True/False – In mitosis, the two daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.
3. Nuclear division of the sex cells or gametes is known as:
a. cytokinesis
b. mitosis
c. meiosis
d. interphase
4. Meiosis
a. keeps the chromosome number constant from daughter cell to daughter cell
b. ensures that all daughter cells have 46 chromosomes
c. occurs when cells are cloned
d. gains and loses water in equal amounts
5. If the total number of chromosomes in a cell is 46, how many chromosomes will be found in
each daughter cell after mitosis?
a. 23
b. 46
c. 92
d. 107
3.09 Identify the general characteristics and functions of each of the four principle types of
tissues.
1. Name the four basic kinds of human tissue and list their functions.
2. What are the three types of muscle tissue and where are they found?
3. What are the names of the two types of nerve cells?
4. Which is NOT on of the four principle types of tissue?
a. Sudoriferous
b. epithelial
c. muscular
d. connective
5. What are thin flat cells that can be stacked on each other?
a. cuboidal
b. Squamous
c. psuedostratified
d. columnar
6. What type of tissue binds things together?
a. epithelial
b. nervous
c. muscular
d. connective
7. Which one is NOT a muscle tissue?
a. adipose
b. skeletal
c. smooth
d. cardiac
8. Fibro cartilage can be found:
a. at the ends of bones
b. in the nose
c. in the auricle
d. in the menisci of the knee
9. Which is NOT a shape of epithelium tissue?
a. Squamous
b. stratified
c. cuboidal
d. columnar
10. Which is NOT a layer type of epithelium tissue?
a. Squamous
b. simple
c. stratified
d. psuedostratified
11. Transmits impulses:
a. muscular tissue
b. cartilage
c. nervous tissue
d. cardiac tissue
12. True/False – connective tissue binds and supports
13. The study of tissues is called?
a. anatomy
b. physiology
c. histology
d. cytology
14. The most widespread and abundant tissue in the body is:
a. connective
b. epithelial
c. muscle
d. nervous
15. Blood belongs to which tissue type?
a. connective
b. epithelial
c. muscle
d. nervous
16. Epithelial Cells are classified according the shape. Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic shape of epithelial cells?
a. Squamous
b. cuboidal
c. columnar
d. rectangular
17. Keratinized stratified Squamous epithelium is found?
a. in the mouth
b. lining the esophagus
c. as part of the epidermis
d. lining the vagina
18. Which is NOT a function of connective tissue?
a. transport
b. support
c. protection
d. communication
Matching
19. Different types of cells
20. Single layer of flat scale-like cells
21. many layers of cube-shaped cells
22. One layer that looks like many layers with cilia
23. One layer that looks like many layers
a. simple Squamous
b. psuedostratified columnar
c. stratified cuboidal
d. transitional
e. ciliated-psuedostratified columnar
Matching
24. Cell process that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body
25. Cell process that transmits nerve impulses toward the cell body
26. Where the nucleus of the cell is located
27. Nerve cell
a. neuron
b. axon
c. dendrite
d. cell body
28. Name the three types of muscular tissue, draw, and list whether it is voluntary or
involuntary.
3.10 Contrast exocrine and endocrine glands
1. What are glands?
2. Write EXO for exocrine gland and ENDO for endocrine gland for each of the following:
a. their products are secreted into ducts that lead to surfaces
b. their products are secreted into the blood and therefore stay within the body. They
are ductless glands
c. examples are glands that secrete sweat, oil, mucus, and digestive enzymes.
d. examples are glands that secrete hormones.
3. What is the gland that secretes hormones into the blood?
a. sebaceous gland
b. exocrine gland
c. Sudoriferous gland
d. endocrine gland
4. Glands that are NOT ducted but release their products directly into the blood are called?
a. endocrine
b. exocrine
c. eccrine
d. apocrine
3.11 Differentiate between the four basic types of membranes (mucous, serous, Synovial,
cutaneous).
1. What are the four types of membranes found in the body?
2. Name the membrane found in freely moveable joints.
a. mucous
b. cutaneous
c. serous
d. Synovial
3. What type of membrane is found lining body cavities without an opening to the outside
world?
a. Synovial
b. mucous
c. serous
d. cutaneous
4. Mucous membranes:
a. contain no epithelial tissue
b. trap foreign particles
c. secret hormones
d. contract
5. Membranes that line body cavities and that lack openings to the outside are referred to as:
a. Synovial
b. mucous
c. serous
d. cutaneous
6. The type of membranes found lining freely moveable joints are:
a. mucous membranes
b. serous membranes
c. cutaneous membranes
d. Synovial membranes
7. What is the common name for the cutaneous membrane?
3.12 Describe the structures and functions of the Integumentary system components (skin,
glands, hair, nails).
1. What are the six functions of skin?
2. What five body parts are part of the Integumentary system?
3. The shaft, root, and bulb make up:
a. skin
b. glands
c. hair
d. nails
4. What are two functions of nails?
5. True/False – Keratin is an important skin pigment that protects against ultraviolet light.
6. True/False – The primary function of hair is protection.
7. True/False – An important function of the skin is the synthesis of Vitamin D.
8. Skin cells play an important role in the production of:
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin E
9. The white, half-moon region of the nail is called the:
a. Lunula
b. root
c. bed
d. matrix
10. Name three functions of the skin
3.13 Describe the major layers of skin.
1. Match the letters on the diagram with the correct terms (diagram of the skin)
2. What is the outer most layer of skin?
a. epidermis
b. hypodermis
c. dermis
d. subcutaneous
3. Blood vessels, nerve endings, and connective tissue can be found in the:
a. dermis
b. hypodermis
c. subcutaneous
d. epidermis
4. True/False – The hypodermis is a subcutaneous layer rich in fat and cartilage.
5. True/False – Blood vessels are found within the epidermis.
6. When the smooth muscles in the walls of the blood vessels in the dermis contract:
a. the vessels become dilated
b. body heat is conserved
c. more blood enters the dermis
d. the temperature drops
7. Which of the following statements is NOT correct concerning the skin?
a. the dermis is generally thicker than the epidermis
b. the epidermis is composed of stratified Squamous epithelium
c. the subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis
d. the dermis is composed of collagen and elastin fibers
8. Smooth muscles that produce “goose bumps” when they contract are the:
a. papillary muscles
b. cardiac muscles
c. skeletal muscles
d. arrector pili muscles
3.14 Describe the functions of Sudoriferous and sebaceous glands.
1. Name the two types of glands found in the skin (not endocrine and exocrine) and what are
they known for?
2. What is the gland in the dermis layer that produces perspiration?
a. endocrine gland
b. Sudoriferous gland
c. sebaceous gland
d. exocrine gland
3. Two types of Sudoriferous glands are:
a. apocrine
b. goblet
c. Eponychium
d. eccrine
4. True/False – The Sudoriferous glands lubricate the skin to keep it pliable.
5. Eccrine glands:
a. are most common in the armpits and groin
b. respond primarily to emotional stress
c. are usually associated with hair follicles
d. respond primarily to elevated body temperature
6. Sweat functions to cool the body by:
a. convection
b. conduction
c. radiation
d. evaporation
7. The apocrine sweat glands can be found in all of the following EXCEPT:
a. armpit
b. groin area
c. palms of the hand
d. pigmented skin areas
3.15 Identify the following diseases or disorders of the Integumentary system (acne, skin
cancers [basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma], and
Decubitus ulcers)
1. Which is NOT a type of skin cancer?
a. Malignant melanoma
b. Basal carcinoma
c. Stratum lucidum carcinoma
d. Squamous carcinoma
2. Acne Vulgaris is an inflammation of the:
a. Sebaceous glands
b. Exocrine glands
c. Sudoriferous glands
d. Endocrine glands
3. Which is NOT a risk for skin cancer?
a. High altitude
b. Light skin
c. Increased oil production
d. Immuno-suppresed
4. Acne is a disorder involving the:
a. Sebaceous glands
b. Sudoriferous glands
c. Apocrine glands
d. Ceruminous glands
5. Decubitus ulcers are usually associated with skin overlying:
a. Nerve fibers
b. Bony projections
c. Skeletal muscles
d. Thick layers of fat