* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Transcription/Translation Notes
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid tertiary structure wikipedia , lookup
RNA interference wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Polyadenylation wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
History of RNA biology wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Transfer RNA wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Name __________________________________________________________________Date_______ Biology Transcription and Translation Objectives: To understand how mRNA is made To be able to translate an mRNA strand into a protein sequence. Do Now: 1. What are the 3 types of RNA? 2. What is the purpose of each of them? 3. What are the names of the two processes involved in making proteins? Notes: I. Transcription a. *only individual genes are transcribed, not an entire strand of DNA. i. Step 1: DNA molecule unwinds and separates just like in replication. ii. Step 2: RNA nucleotides match up with their complimentary bases on the template strand. 1. Practice: Write the complimentary mRNA strand from this DNA… ATCGATGGCAAGCTA iii. Step 3: mRNA detaches once entire gene is done and the DNA recoils. 1. *Many copies of mRNA can be made from the same gene in a short period of time. II. Translation: a. Step 1: Translation begins when a ribosome attaches to the beginning end of an mRNA molecule. i. *Translation MUST START AT THE LETTERS “AUG”. ii. * Every 3 letters on the mRNA is called a “Codon” that codes for a specific amino acid. b. Step 2: A tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid matches up to a complementary codon in the mRNA on the ribosome. i. *tRNA molecules contain “Anticodons” which are 3 bases on the tRNA. c. Step 3: The ribosome attaches one amino acid to another as it moves along the mRNA molecule. i. Amino acids are attached by peptide bonds. d. Step 4: The tRNA molecules are released after the amino acids they carry are attached to the growing chain of amino acids. e. Step 5: The ribosome completes the translation when it reaches a stop codon. The newly made protein molecules in the form of a chain of amino acids, is released. Practice! Translate this mRNA sequence. *Remember to start and stop at the right places!! mRNA: Peptide Chain: UCACUAUGCGGACGGACUAATCG