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Protein Synthesis Test Review 1. DNA Sugar Backbone Nitrogen Bases Double or Single strand? deoxyribose A,T,C,G double RNA ribose A Uracil, C G single 1. What are the building blocks of protein? Amino acids 2. What is DNA’s role in protein synthesis? To be a template for the mRNA codon sequence 3. If a DNA strand read AAT-CAT-GAT what would the mRNA strand look like? UUA-GUA-CUA 4. What is the function of mRNA? Copy the DNA code from the nucleus (transcription) and takes it to the ribosome 5. Where is the site of protein synthesis? The ribosome Use the following mRNA sequence to answer questions… GUA- CCG- AAU – GUG 6. If a deletion mutation deleted all the A’s what would the new code look like? GUC-CGU-GUG 7. If a mutation replaced all the G’s with C’s what would the new code look like? CUA-CCC-AAU-CUC 8. What did the original DNA sequence look like? CAT-GGC-TTA-CAC 9. What amino acid sequence is made from the mRNA sequence GUA- CCG- AAU – GUG? Val, Pro, Asn, Val 10. What could be an mRNA sequence for the following amino acid strand? Trp, Glu, Ile Trp= UGG Glu= GAA or GAG Ile= AUU or AUC or AUA 11. mRNA has (codons / anticodons), and tRNA has (codons / anticodons). 12. What is the function of tRNA? Transfer amino acids to the ribosome 13. Where does transcription occur? nucleus 14. Where does translation occur? ribosome 15. How many nitrogen bases make up a codon? three 16. How many codons are in a strand of DNA that has 60 nucleotides? 20 17. How many codons would be necessary to code for a strand of protein that has 15 amino acids? 5 18. List the 3 parts of the RNA nucleotide. = Sugar (ribose), phosphate, nitrogen base (A-U, C-G) 19. What is transcription? Copying DNA into mRNA takes place in the nucleus 20. What is translation? mRNA goes to the ribosomes – sends a message to tRNA to go get the amino acids to build a protein 21. What is a positive control? Something you know contains proteins 22. What is a good example for a positive control for a protein test?steak – peanut butter 23. What is a negative control? Something that doesn’t contain anything 24. What the best example of a negative control? water 25. Where are proteins assembled? ribosomes 26. What would happen if the organelle in Q 25 were missing from a cell? Body wouldn’t be able to make proteins 27. What is a point mutation? Change only affects only 1 nucleotide base 28. What is a nonsense mutation? Stop codon in the middle of protein = non functioning protein 29. What is a missense mutation? Complete protein – at least 1 amino acid is different = different protein 30. What is a substitute mutation? One base replaces another = CTAAG = CTAAC 31. What is an insertion mutation? Addition of a base in nucleotide CTAAG = CTATAG 32. Identify the following mutation: original strand: CUU-AAC-GGU new strand: CAA-AAC-GGA Substitution 33. If the mutation in number 32 happened, what would be the result? Silent mutation – doesn’t change the amino acid 34. 3 nucleotides (nitrogen bases) = _1_____ codon 3 nucleotides (nitrogen bases) =__1_____amino acids 1 codon = 1 amino acid Using the picture to the left – be able to identify all of the steps of protein synthesis – including every step of transcription and every step of translation.