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Honors Biology – Midterm Exam 2015-2016
Midterm Review Questions
Disclaimer: This is by no means a comprehensive review and SHOULD NOT be used as a
standalone review guide. Students should reference their notebook (notes, labs,
homework assignments, quizzes) as well as their textbook for a more thorough review.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD/CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
1. List the steps of the scientific method and give a general description of each step.
2. Differentiate between a control and a variable.
a. Independent, dependent, controlled variable, control group, and experimental group
3. What is a controlled experiment and what are the main components?
a. Data graphing and analysis
ECOLOGY
4. Differentiate between a population, community, and ecosystem.
5. Identify biotic and abiotic factors
6. Explain the limiting factors within a population
7. Map the transfer of energy from one tropic level to another
8. Identify the characteristics of primary or secondary succession
9. Determine if a population is developing or developed by looking at population density graphs.
CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY
10. Organic compounds must, by definition, contain which element?
11. What are the four biological compounds in living things, monomer, important biological
functions and characteristic of compounds? What is an indicator?
12. What are enzymes and why are they important in living things?
13. What conditions might alter the function of an enzyme?
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION/CELLULAR TRANSPORT
14. List the three components of cell theory.
15. Differentiate the three parts of cellular respiration
a. Glycolysis
b. Krebs Cycle
c. Electron Transport Chain
16. Identify, describe the functions, and state if found in plant cell, animal cell or both of the
following organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, nucleus, nucleolus, vacuole, cell
wall, cell membrane, centrioles, lysosomes
17. What are the main components of the cell membrane?
18. Draw and label the polar and nonpolar parts of a phospholipid. How do phospholipids face
each other in the cell membrane?
19. Differentiate between passive and active transport.
20. Which of the following are examples of passive transport? Which are examples of active
transport? Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, osmosis.
21. Compare and contrast diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
22. What happens to cells placed in hypertonic solutions? What happens to cells in hypotonic
solutions? What happens to cells placed in isotonic solutions?
23. Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis.
24. Define diffusion.
25. If a red blood cell (~70% water) is placed in pure distilled water, what will happen to the cell
and what type of solution is the cell submerged?
26. What is meant by “semi-permeable” membrane?
27. Describe the following terms: active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, facilitated diffusion,
and osmosis. Also – state whether they are passive or active forms of transport.
28. What is meant by “equilibrium”?
Bacteria/ Viruses
29. Explain the difference between bacteria & viruses.
30. List examples of bacteria and viruses.
31. Explain why antibiotics are used to treat bacteria but not viruses.
Biology Midterm Review
Scientific Method
Using the scenario below answer questions 1-9.
Kari has been doing research on a new chemical to help tomato plants grow and produce bigger,
healthier tomatoes. Kari hypothesized that the new chemical would increase plant growth producing larger
tomatoes. She needed to set up an experiment to test the new organic fertilizer. Kari set up her
experiment in a greenhouse with the same species of tomato plant in 5 small flats. She kept all conditions
the same such as humidity, temperature, soil, amount of water, etc. Listed below is how she administered
the fertilizer and the data she collected after six months.
Plant trays
Amount of fertilizer per day
Growth of plant
Color of plant
1
4 mL
2 inches
Green
2
6 mL
5 inches
Green
3
8 mL
6 inches
Greenish-Yellow
4
10 mL
9 inches
Yellow
5
0 mL
3 inches
Green
Identify the following:
1. Control group(s)? __________________________________________________________________
2. Experimental group(s)? _______________________________________________________________
3. Controlled variable(s)? _______________________________________________________________
4. Independent variable? ________________________________________________________________
5. Dependent variable? _________________________________________________________________
8. Why did Kari only test one variable in this experiment?_______________________________________
9. What was the purpose of the control(s) group in this experiment?______________________________
10. Create a graph below to show the data collected:
Biochemistry
1. Fill in the chart on organic compounds.
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Basic unit
(monomer)
Major Function(s)
Examples
2. Explain the function of enzymes. Draw and label an enzyme and substrate.
3. Describe two factors that may denature an enzyme.
4. List the characteristics of life:
Ecology
1. Define the term ecosystem:
2. Define the term community:
3. Explain how a community is different from a population. Provide an example of each.
4. What are the 3 main types of symbiosis and describe each:
Nucleic Acids
5. Explain how a community is different from a population. Provide an example of each.
6. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
7.
What is the difference between a biotic factor and an abiotic factor? Provide examples of each.
8. Describe primary succession and explain how it is different from secondary succession.
9.
What is a pioneer community? Given an example.
10. Does the graph above represent a developed or undeveloped country? How can you tell?
11. What are some conditions you’d expect to see in this country?
Cell Structure
1. There are 3 components of the cell theory.
a. All organisms are composed of one or more ____________.
b. The cell is the basic unit of _________________.
c. All cells come from ________________ cells.
2. Fill in the table below:
Process
Anaerobic/Aerobic
# ATPs Produces
Glycolysis
Molecules/Gases Produced
s
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
3. Listed below are the functions of the organelles. Identify the organelle.
cell wall
chloroplast
flagella
nucleus
nuclear membrane
cilia
chromatin
nucleolus
microfilaments
cell membrane
cytoplasm
golgi apparatus
microtubules
lysosomes
vacuole
cytoskeleton
mitochondria
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum
a. thin protein fibers that provide support in cell _____________
b. short projections involved in movement ______________
c. longer projections involved in movement_______________
d. hollow protein fibers that make up cytoskeleton ______________
e. solid protein fibers that make up cytoskeleton _______________
f. jelly-like material that surrounds organelles ________________
g. digest excess cell parts and invading pathogens ______________
h. where protein synthesis occurs _____________
i. makes energy for cell ______________
j. membrane sacs that transport materials ______________
k. receives processed materials, packages and distributes ______________
l. stores materials and removes excess fluid ________________
m. control center that contains DNA ______________
n. membrane that controls what goes in and out of nucleus _____________
o. tangled DNA ______________
p. membrane that controls what goes in and out of cell ___________
q. site of photosynthesis __________________
r. produces ribosomes ___________________
s. thick, inflexible membrane that provides support for plant cells ___________________
Cell Transport
1. Cell transport is the movement of materials in and out of the cell through the cell membrane.
There are 2 types – Passive and Active Transport. Identify as active or passive.
a. osmosis and diffusion are examples ____________
b. requires energy __________
c. does not require energy ___________
d. endocytosis and exocytosis are examples _____________
2. _______________ is the movement of water from an area of high to low concentration.
3. _______________ is the movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration.
4. ________________ diffusion uses protein channels to help move material across the membrane.
5. __________________ is the movement of materials outside the cell.
6. __________________ is the movement of materials inside the cell.
7. What does the selective permeability mean?
8. The plasma membrane is made of ______ layers. It contains fluid and phospholipids.
Draw a phospholipid and label parts.
9. There are 3 types of solutions – isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic. Identify the solutions.
a. concentration of solute outside and inside the cell are equal _________________
b. concentration of solute is higher outside than inside the cell ___________________
c. concentration of solute is higher inside than outside the cell __________________
d. water moves out of cell _______________
e. water moves in the cell ______________
f. no movement of water ______________
Bacteria/ Viruses
1. Which of the following causes AIDS?
a. prion
b. HIV
c. bacteriophage
d. viroid
2. Viruses are not considered living because
a. they have no nucleic acids.
b. they do not metabolize.
c. they grow but cannot reproduce.
d. their cytoplasm doesn’t contain
organelles.
3. In the space provided, write B for bacteria or V if the characteristic describes viruses.
_____ a living, unicellular organism
_____ have ribosomes
_____ reproduce by binary fission
_____ have a cell wall
_____ are treated by antibiotics
_____ requires a host cell
4. What properties of life does a virus lack?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
_____ capsid
a. a protein with an attached carbohydrate molecule
_____ envelope
b. the protein coat of a virus
c. a virus that infects bacteria
_____ glycoprotein
d. a membrane that surrounds the capsid of some viruses
_____ bacteriophage
6. Use the terms from the list below to fill in the blanks in the following passage.
bacteriophage
envelope
capsid
pathogen
Any agent that causes disease is called a(n) ______________________. Viruses cause damage
when they reproduce inside cells many times. When the viruses break out, the cell is destroyed.
The protein coat, or __________________, of a virus may contain RNA or DNA, but not both. Many
viruses have a(n) _________________, which surrounds the capsid and helps the virus enter cells.
Viruses that infect bacteria are called ______________________.