Download P{11/27/11 PPPP RNA and Protein Synthesis Notes Review DNA 1

P{11/27/11␣PPPP
RNA and Protein Synthesis Notes
Review DNA
1. What is a nucleotide?
2. What shape does DNA have?
3. What are the nitrogen bases in DNA?
4. Where do you find DNA?
BASE PAIRING •
5. ADENINE –___________________(URACIL IN _____________)
6. GUANINE – ____________________
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• A–T
• G–C
Complete the DNA strand:
RNA
7. _______________ ____________
8. Contains ___________as its 5-carbon sugar
9. ___________ ______________-not double helix
Nitrogen Bases are A, C, G, and U (Uracil)
10. NO ______________ in RNA!!!!!
If you are looking at:
A strand of bases and you are told to identify them as DNA or RNA,
11. IF you see_________________, you will KNOW that it is RNA!!!
WHY TALK ABOUT PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
12. CELL FUNCTIONS DEPEND ON _____________________
(________________ _______________), WHICH ARE PROTEINS!
13. MOST SUBSTANCES MADE BY CELLS CONTAIN A
____________________.
UNDERSTANDING THIS PROCESS, SCIENTISTS CAN MAKE
CHANGES TO WHAT PROTEINS ARE PRODUCED (ANTIBIOTICS)
PROTEIN REVIEW:
14. ____________________CHAINS OF _________ ________ (AA)
15. _______AMINO ACIDS
16. 2 THINGS MUST BE CORRECT FOR PROTEIN TO BE
FUNCTIONAL
1.
2.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
17. THE CELL CAN MAKE THOUSANDS OF
__________________PROTEINS
OR
THE CELL CAN MAKE THOUSANDS OF THE ______________
PROTEIN.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS STEPS
2 STEPS to making Proteins:
18. __________________________: Getting the information from
the DNA copied onto a mRNA strand.
19. ___________________________: The mRNA strand goes out to
a ribosome and builds a AA strand with the help of tRNA.
THE CODE OF LIFE
COMPARE TO ALPHABET (26 letters or units)
20. DNA’S CODE IS THE 4 NUCLEOTIDE BASES OF
_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ ______________________
21. _____________OF THESE BASES COME TOGETHER TO
_____________FOR AN AMINO ACID.
THE CODE OF LIFE
22. THREE BASES MAKE A ___________________.
(THINK OF IT AS A 3 LETTER WORD MEANING A SPECIFIC
AMINO ACID)
• A CODON CODES FOR A SPECIFIC AA.
THE CODE OF LIFE
COMPARE TO THE ALPHABET CODE WE DISCUSSED.
• EX. THE DOG CAN RUN
23. EACH LETTER IS A_______________ ____________.
24. EACH THREE LETTER WORD IS A CODON THAT CODES
FOR A___________________ _________________ __________.
25. A STRING OF AMINO ACIDS MAKE A __________________
_____________________, JUST LIKE A STRING OF WORDS
MAKE A SENTENCE.
THE CODE OF LIFE
26. LETS SEE WHY THE __________________IS IMPORTANT!
THE RUN CAN DOG
ONE AMINO ACID CHANGE CAN CHANGE THE
_____________________, JUST LIKE ONE WORD CAN CHANGE
THE ________________________.
THE CAT CAN RUN
THE DOG CAN SIT
THE DOG CAN HOP
Amino Acids
27. There are _____ Amino Acids, but as you can see ________
combinations.
28. So, there are __________codons per amino acid.
29. Also ___________and _______________ codons.
3 kinds of RNA:
30._____________________________–makes up ribosomes
31. _____________________________
32. _____________________________
Why do we need RNA?
RNA is the key mechanism behind:
33. ____________________ _________________
Your characteristics are determined largely by the kinds of
___________________ your cells make out of ____________
____________________.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
34. Where are proteins made? What organelle?
35. Where are ribosomes located?
36. Where are the directions for making proteins found?
OK, if the directions are in the nucleus, but the ribosomes
are in the cytoplasm or on the E.R.,
37. How do the directions get to the ribosomes????
That’s why we need
messenger RNA (mRNA)
38. ____________ is made in a process called ________________.
39. Transcription is “the process of ______________the ______
code onto a strand of mRNA”
“ -scribe” means _______________so the code is copied or written
onto mRNA during transcription
mRNA
40. Is made from a ____________strand pattern.
41. DNA _________________just the section that codes the
directions for the needed protein.
RNA nucleotides come in and bind with the DNA nitrogen
Bases
So, transcription is
42. __________________ the mRNA code from a strand of DNA
Occurs in the nucleus so the message can be sent from
43. DNA to the ______________________
44. DNA never leaves _________________
Cool facts about mRNA
45. mRNA has a __________on one end and a ______________ on
the other end.
46. There are parts that are not used caused _____________that
are edited out before the mRNA gets to the ribosomes.
47.The _______________are the parts that are not edited out and
thus used to make the protein.
Now that we have our message,
The mRNA can move through the nuclear pores to go to ribosome’s
Ribosomes will “read” the mRNA to build a protein
mRNA moves to ribosome
mRNA is read 3 letters at a time—codons
So,in our example, the first codon would be GUA
Codons become important in the next step
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