Download 25R Cell Organelle Activity Biology “B”

25R
Cell Organelle Activity
Biology “B”
Name:___________________ Date: ___________ Period:________
Partner(s) Name(s) _______________________________________
Plant and animal cells have many organelles in common. Both have a
nucleus (with specific numbers of chromosomes- depending on the
organism), ribosomes, mitochondria, canals, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, and
cell membrane. How you can tell whether a cell is a plant cell or an animal
cell lies in the plant cell having a large water vacuole, a cell wall, and
chloroplasts and the animal cell does not! All cells contain cytoplasm that
is made up of mostly water and protein (making a “jello-like” material)
that help hold organelles in place.
Plant cells and animal cells differ in how they get sugar! Plant cells
can make their OWN sugar using chloroplasts, by converting sunlight to
sugar (they are called “producers”; that is they produce food). Animal cells
must “eat” sugar to “get” it to their cells- so they are called “consumers”
(take sugar in somehow). The key is- BOTH plant cells and animal cells
MUST break down sugar to make energy packets (called ATP) that both
types of cells MUST run on. Mitochondria (found in both plant and animal
cells) help make ATP (mitochondria breaks down sugar products to make
ATP) so cells can survive. ALL animal cells in some way, shape, or form
break down plant sugar either directly (eat plants) or indirectly (eats
animals). Plants can supply their own sugar so they do NOT have to “EAT”.
YOU must turn this in for credit. Each person in the group must
fill in this activity sheet and answer the questions at the end. (You can
also use handout #23 pictures!) One activity sheet handed in per group!!
Animal Cell- like a balloon
Plant Cell- box-like structure
not completely filled
more rigid than animal cell
Cell membrane
Golgi
Large water
vacuole
chloroplast
mitochondria
Cell
wall
nucleus
canals
Golgi
Page 2 (Cont. #25R Cell activity lab)
Both the animal and plant cell have a nucleus that contains genetic
material (DNA). For our purposes, DNA and chromosomes are the same!
The chromosomes will look something like this:
See page 13 for other pictures. Chromosomes/DNA inside the
nucleus control all the cell functions. This is why we call the nucleus
the “brains” of the cell. It sends out messages to the rest of the celltelling the cell what to do. The important thing to understand is that
the number of chromosomes strands has NOTHING to do with the
complexity of an organism. For instance, human cells have 46
chromosomes (around 3 billion nucleotides) and a tobacco cell has 48
chromosomes. The number of chromosomes has NOTHING to with how
smart an organism is or how successful it is in terms of survival! What
matters to the organism is what information is stored in the chromosomes.
That information is dependent on the sequence of the nucleotides in the
strands of DNA! We actually find that many different organisms have the
same number of chromosomes BUT since they are different organisms- they
have different sequences of nucleotides in their DNA. Just look at the
number of chromosomes for alga…148! We think of algae (sometimes
known as pond scum) as being very primitive!
Other parts of the cell have specific functions and this activity will
reinforce those functions. We as multi-cellular organisms perform roughly
the same functions as an individual cell. We breathe in oxygen and breathe
out carbon dioxide. Cells take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide as
waste. Cells take in food, break it down and use the energy to keep the cell
organized. We eat food and break it down to maintain our body- that is to
stay organized! The canals inside the cell move cell material from one place
to another. Our blood vessels move material from one place to another.
Mitochondria help the cell by breaking down sugar products to energy
packets called ATP. We used out stomach and intestine to help break down
food and provide energy for all cells in our body.
This activity requires that you use ALL the description of cell function
found on page 3 of this handout. You are to:
1.) Cut out each description as carefully as you can.
2.) Match the description with the enlarged picture of the following pages
and paste/tape them in place. The descriptions match the outlines
near the figures of the organelles! (3 points each)
3.) Use the table on Page 18 to identify which organism you have (Pg.20)
on the number of chromosomes in your nucleus (for extra credit).
Page 3 (Cont. #25R Cell Organelle Activity Sheet Biology B)
Answer the following questions on this handout ONLY! (2 points each)
_____ 1.) What is the function of the largest organelle of the cell?
a.) limits what goes into and out of the cell
b.) helps give the cell shape
c.) contains the cytoplasm and all the organelles in the cell
d.) isolates the cell from its surroundings
e.) all of the above are correct
_____ 2.) What is the function of the cell organelle that looks like “flattened
balloons”?
a.) helps the cell move from place to place
b.) helps cell make energy packets (ATP)
c.) helps the cell make proteins
d.) helps package the cellular material
_____ 3.) What organelle found in both the plant cell and the animal cell
helps make energy packets (ATP)?
a.) ribosomes b.) nucleus c.) mitochondria d.) Golgi apparatus
_____ 4.) What structure is made of cellulose and gives the plant cell shape
while also resisting the pressure of a large water vacuole?
a.) centrioles b.) cell wall c.) ribosomes d.) large nucleus
_____ 5.) This organelle contains “grana”, is green, only found in plant
cells, and helps the cell make sugar?
a.) chloroplast b.) ribosome c.) Golgi apparatus d.) mitochondria
_____ 6.) This organelle contains a lot of water, some salt, and some waste
products that help give the plant shape.
a.) Golgi apparatus b.) cell wall c.) ribosome d.) large water vacuole
_____ 7.) This is the “brains” of the cell - contains genetic material (DNA)
a.) ribosome b.) Golgi apparatus c.) canals d.) nucleus
_____ 8.) This organelle is responsible for movement of material from one
place in the cell to another.
a.) nucleus b.) canals c.) ribosomes d.) cell membrane
Page 4 (Cont. #25R Cell Organelle Activity Biology B)
_____ 9.) This organelle helps the cell make proteins.
a.) ribosomes b.) canals c.) cell wall d.) Golgi apparatus
_____ 10.) This organism has 78 chromosomes in the nucleus.
a.) chicken b.) radish c.) wheat d.) barley
_____ 11.) Which organism is more complex and successful based on the
number of chromosomes in the nucleus?
a.) humans b.) earthworms c.) algae d.) dogs e.) none of these
_____ 12.) Which organism has the same number of chromosomes as a
human?
a.) gorilla b.) hyena c.) mouse d.) musk deer
_____ 13.) Which organism organisms are most likely to be closely related
based on traits they have in common AND the number of chromosomes
(mark all that apply)!
a.) rabbit b.) human c.) orangutan d.) gorilla e.) chimpanzee
Page 5
Page 6
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Page 10
Page 11
Page 12
Page 13
Page 14
Page 15
This is the
largest organelle
the cell has.
This organelle helps give a plant cell
shape.
This organelle
is
like the
“skin” of
a balloon.
This organelle contains the cell’s cytoplasm,
nucleus, mitochondria, canal, ribosome, Golgi,
apparatus, and centrioles.
This organelle controls
what goes into and out of the cell.
This organelle
isolates the cell
from its
surroundings.
This organelle contains genetic material
that controls
the whole cell.
This organelle is the “brains”
of the
cell.
This organelle contains strands of
chromosomes composed
of
DNA (nucleic acids stuck together).
This organelle
is where cell products are packaged.
This
organelle
looks
like
flattened
balloons.
This organelle is
also called the
powerhouse of the cell.
This organelle helps
helps the cell
make energy
packets
called ATP.
This organelle is
called “canals” or Endoplasmic Reticulum.
This organelle helps
move cell material
from one place in the cell to another.
These organelles are very
small and cannot be seen
with a light microscope.
These organelles are found
In the cytoplasm and help the cell make protein.
These organelles can only be found
in the plant cell
and help the plant
make sugar.
These organelles are green and helps the plant
cell perform Photosynthesis.
This structure is found only in plant cells
and
contains cellulose.
This structure helps give the plant cell rigidity
and resists water pressure
from large water vacuole.
This organelle contains a lot of water,
salt, sugar, and
waste materials.
This organelle provides
water to help the plant
Photosynthesis.
This organelle helps
Give the plant cell shape and when only partially filledcauses the
plant to wilt.
Plant
Cell
Animal Cell
Page 21 (Cont. #26 Bio. B)
Chromosome Numbers of Selected Animals and Plants (Diploid Number)
Animal
Camel
Goat
Guinea Pig
Chinchilla
Armadillo
Opossum
Porcupine
Bat
Porpoise
Squirrel
Shrew
Alligator
Salamander
Chicken
King Crab
Drosophila (fruit
fly)
Mosquito
Buffalo
Chromosome
Number
70
60
64
64
64
22
34
44
44
40
23(odd number/rare)
32
24
78
208
8
6
60
Plant
Bean
Barley
Soybean
Corn
Pepper
Lettuce
Cowpea
Mung bean
Rye
Petunia
Pea
Apple
Tomato
Rice
Alfalfa
Potato
Chromosome
Number
22
14
40
20
24
18
22
22
14
14
14
34
24
24
16
48
Lentil
14
Adder’s Tongue
1260-1400!
Fern
Human
46
Orange
18,27,36
Chimpanzee
48
Spruce tree
24
Dove
78
Onion
16
Earthworm
36
Spinach
10
Domestic Cat
38
Oak Tree
24
Rabbit
44
Foxglove (flower)
56
Muntjac(Musk deer) 46
Dandelion
24
Great Apes
48
Peanut
40
Domesticated Dog
78
Asparagus
30
Orangutan
48
Cotton
52
Cow
60
Carrot
18
Horse
64
Broccoli
18
Fox
36
Cucumber
14
Elephants
56
Daisy
18
Sheep
54
Willow tree
152
King Fisher (bird)
132
Redwood Tree
66
Ant (certain one)
1
Pine Tree
24
Those organisms that have more than one number – are often man-made plant crosses.
Page 22 (cont. #25R Bio. B)
What organism is this-based on the number of
chromosomes? ________________________
Page 18
This is the
largest organelle
the cell has.
This organelle helps give a plant cell
shape.
This organelle
is
like the
“skin” of
a balloon.
This organelle contains the cell’s cytoplasm,
nucleus, mitochondria, canal, ribosome, Golgi,
apparatus, and centrioles.
This organelle controls
what goes into and out of the cell.
This organelle
isolates the cell
from its
surroundings.
Page 19
This organelle contains genetic material
that controls
the whole cell.
This organelle is the “brains”
of the
cell.
This organelle contains strands of
chromosomes composed
of
DNA (nucleic acids stuck together).
This organelle
is where cell products are packaged.
This
organelle
looks
like
flattened
balloons.
This organelle is
also called the
powerhouse of the cell.
Page 20
This organelle helps
helps the cell
make energy
packets
called ATP.
This organelle is
called “canals” or Endoplasmic Reticulum.
This organelle helps
move cell material
from one place in the cell to another.
These organelles are very
small and cannot be seen
with a light microscope.
These organelles are found
In the cytoplasm and help the cell make protein.
These organelles can only be found
in the plant cell
and help the plant
make sugar.
Page 21
These organelles are green and helps the plant
cell perform Photosynthesis.
This structure is found only in plant cells
and
contains cellulose.
This structure helps give the plant cell rigidity
and resists water pressure
from large water vacuole.
This organelle contains a lot of water,
salt, sugar, and
waste materials.
This organelle provides
water to help the plant
Photosynthesis.
This organelle helps
Give the plant cell shape and when only partially filledcauses the
plant to wilt.
Page 22
Plant
Cell
Animal Cell
Date: _______________________
Lesson Plan for Handout #25R
Objective: TLWD ability to match the descriptions and the title of each
organelle with its appropriate picture and be able to determine where
chromosomes are located in the cell and be able to count the number of
chromosomes and determine which organism has that number of
chromosomes when given a list of organisms and the number of
chromosomes each organism has when given handout #26.
Content: Plant and animal cell structure, function, and organelle
complement.
Method: Puzzle pieces with picture representations of organelles...involves
matching and answering several basic questions about data interpretation.
NJCCCS: 5.3.12.A.1, 5.3.12.A.6.
Homework: Complete Handout #25R