Download Unit 2 Review Answer Key

Unit 2 Biology Review – Cells and Cell Structure
1.
Plant and animal cells are types of __eukaryotic_____________, because they contain a nucleus.
2.
List the objectives on a microscope that you should use to find a specimen in order of magnification (least to greatest).
Which adjustment knob would you use with each objective?
scanning – coarse adjustment knob; low power – coarse adjustment know; high power – fine adjustment knob
3.
Name two structures that help an animal cell move. cilia and flagella
4.
The three facts about all cells founded in the 1800’s that are still true today are known as the___cell theory---study your
notes on this!!!________.
5.
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER? the rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and is attached to the
nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores; smooth ER has no ribosomes on it (therefore it looks smooth!)
6.
If a cell filled with water, what organelle would store it? vacuole
7.
Define organelle. specialized structures within the cell that has a unique function
8.
Where is the genetic material located in a prokaryote? floating in the cytoplasm (it is NOT in a nucleus)
9.
What shape would the following be: plant cell--rectangular, bacillus bacteria---rod-like, cocci bacteria--round, a blood cell –
round (blood cell is in an animal cell)
10. What organelles provide energy for the plant cell? chloroplast and mitochondria
11. A bacterial cell fits into what cell category? prokaryote
12. What organelle digests worn out cells? lysosome
13. Name the organelles found in a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell. cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast
14. Where is the cytoplasm in the cell? all around—it’s the substance that fills the cell/surrounds the organelles
15. What is the relationship between the nucleus and the nucleolus? the nucleolus is inside of the nucleus
16. What organelle provides energy for the animal cell? mitochondria
17. What plant cell organelle allows it to keep its shape? cell wall – it gives the cell its shape
18. Name the organelles that an animal cell contain that a plant cell does not. lysosomes, centrioles
19. Name two differences between the cell wall and the cell membrane. cell wall-plant only, outermost layer, made of cellulose;
cell membrane-both (under the cell wall in a plant cell), allows things to enter/exit the cell
20. What system contains bone, ligaments and cartilage? skeletal
21. Fill in the missing hierarchy of cells gaps: cell, tissues, organs, organ system.
22. What is the function of the ribosome? to produce proteins
23. What system contains the brain, neurons, and spinal cord? nervous
24. Who first saw cells by looking at a drop of pond water? van Leeuwenhoek
25. Who named cells? Robert Hooke
26. Why are animal cell so much more variable in appearance than plant cells? because animal cells can have so many different
functions
27. Name two differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote. prokaryote – does NOT have a nucleus, no organelles, DNA
is floating around in the cytoplasm; eukaryote – has a nucleus and organelles, DNA is contained within a nucleus
28. Which system is responsible for organism movement? muscular
29. Give an example of an organ in the digestive system. mouth, stomach, small intestines, large intestines
30. Put the following in order when using a microscope:
__1__put the slide on stage
_3___ use the coarse adjustment knob to find the specimen
_6___ draw the specimen
_4___ turn to the high power objective
_5___use the fine adjustment knob to sharpen the focus
__2__turn to the low power objective
31. Which system is responsible for protecting us from harmful bacteria that invade our bodies? immune
32. The cells in the nervous system are called _neurons__.
33. Blood flow is controlled by what two organs in the body? heart, brain
34. What system is responsible for gas exchange? respiratory
35. What system is responsible for giving new life to organisms? reproductive
36. Name and draw the three bacterial shapes. bacillus (rods), coccus (spheres), spirilla (spiral)---see your notes
37. Which system is responsible for ridding the body of waste? excretory