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Transcript
Name ____________________ Date____________ Block ___ Movement of Materials Through the Cell Membrane In this section you learned about processes by which materials enter and leave the cell. These processes are diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport. Diffusion is the process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Whether a substance will diffuse across a membrane depends on the permeability of the membrane to that substance as well as the concentration of the substance on either side of the membrane. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. Facilitated diffusion is the process in which carrier proteins help transport certain molecules across the cell membrane. This allows materials to be transported across the membrane quickly and selectively. But it can work only if the correct kind of concentration difference exists across the membrane. Active transport enables materials to move across a cell membrane against a concentration difference. Active transport requires energy. There are two types of active transport. In one type, transport macromolecules pump materials across the membrane. In the other type, movement of the cell membrane take in or remove relatively large amounts of material through phagocytosis, pinocytosis, exocytosis, or the use of a contractile vacuole. Word Bank: - Diffusion - Phagocytosis - Osmosis - Pinocytosis - Facilitated diffusion - Exocytosis - Active Transport Identifying Processes: Using the Main Ideas Name the process involved in moving molecules across the cell membrane in each of the following cases. When appropriate, use a more specific term. (For example, “cat” would be a better answer than “animal.”) 1. Fresh water moves into a single-celled organism. ________________________ Inside cell = 94% water Outside cell = 100% water 2. Pockets of the cell membrane fill with water and pinch off to become vacuoles inside the cell. _______________________________________ Water 3. Oxygen molecules (O2) move from the lungs into the bloodstream. ________________________________ 100 units of O2 40 units of O2 4. An amoeba engulfs a large particle of food. ____________________________ 5. Carrier proteins transport glucose into a muscle cell. ________________________ 0.3% glucose outside of cell 0.05% glucose inside of the cell 6. Sodium ions (Na+) are pumped out of a red blood cell. _______________________ 155 units Na+ outside of cell 19 units of Na+ inside of cell