* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Name - SimplyBio
Survey
Document related concepts
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name ___________________________ Honors Biology Date ___________ Ch7 & 20 Study Guide – Prokaryotic Cells, Eukaryotic Cells, and Viruses 1. Matching: F cell wall a. part that regulates what enters and leaves the cell G nucleus b. Structures in which protein is made L nuclear envelope c. structures that contain substances needed for the digestion of cellular materials A cell membrane d. In plants, a large saclike structure that is filled with liquid H nucleolus e. Structure where chemical energy stored in glucose is changed into energy I chromosome f. In plant cells, structure which gives the plant structure and rigidity. K cytoplasm g. Control center of the cell; controls cell reproduction E mitochondria h. Makes rRNA J i. Contains hereditary information chloroplast B ribosome j. Place where light energy is converted into glucose D vacuole k. area between the nucleus and cell membrane C lysosome l. Surrounds the nucleus 2. What are the three parts of the cell theory? All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, all cells come from preexisting cells 3. What happens in endocytosis? Materials are taken into the cell by infoldings of the cell membrane, requires energy! 4. Which type of organism encloses their DNA in a nucleus? eukaryotic 5. What is diffusion? Movement of materials from areas of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is met. 6. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a. contains DNA b. helps a cell keep its shape c. surrounds the cell d. helps make proteins 7. Which force tends to move water across a membrane from a more dilute solution into a more concentrated solution? Osmotic pressure 8. Na ions transported across a cell membrane of body cells by a. molecular pumps c. simple diffusion b. passive transport d. facilitated diffusion 11. What is an organ? Group of tissues that work together to do a specific function 12. Why are most biological membranes considered selectively permeable? They will only allow what the cell requires to enter and what the cell does not need to leave the cell 13. What is the MAIN difference between active and passive transport? Active transport requires energy; passive transport does not 14. What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cell- has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles Prokaryotic cell – does not have a true nucleus or organelles 15. Which type of transport uses carrier proteins to move molecules across a membrane? Facilitated diffusion 16. During diffusion, when equilibrium is met, the molecules will a. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell b. stop moving across the membrane c. continue to move across the membrane in both directions d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell 17. A sodium-potassium pump requires energy to move sodium and potassium across the cell membrane. The movement of glucose does not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane? a. Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis b. Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion. c. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis d. Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by active transport. 18. What is a tissue? Group of similar cells that perform similar functions 19. What are the basic units of a cell membrane? (it composes the bilayer) Lipids (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) and proteins 20. The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the cell. Complete the sentence 21.Some materials can move across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient by active transport 22.The levels of organization in a multicellular organism listed from simplest to most complicated are cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Essay 23.How do prokayotes and eukaryotes differ? They differ in size, complexity, nucleus, and membrane-bound organelles 24. Describe one similarity between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells that is independent of size. Both have genetic information, cell membranes, cytoplasm and carry out all functions necessary for the cell to live 25. Based on structural differences, why do you think prokaryotic cells can be much smaller than eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells are structurally much simpler. This means more nutrients can reach the interior of the cell. Because eukaryotic cells are larger, it takes longer for nutrients to reach the interior of the cell. This is why they need organelles. 26. List two functions of the cytoskeleton. Unicellular movement (cilia and flagella) and cytoplasmic movement (cytoplasmic streaming) 27. Define diffusion. See # 5 Chapter 20 – Viruses 28. Where are the instructions for making new copies of a virus located? DNA or RNA 29. A lytic infection concludes with the lysing of the host cell. 30.What kind of organisms do bacteriophages infect? bacteria 31.An unknown disease or well-known disease that suddenly becomes harder to control is called a. a pathogen c. an antibiotic b. an emerging disease d. a viral disease 32. In the above figure, the structure labeled B is a(n) capsid 33. In the above figure, the structure labeled C is the genetic information 34. A few years ago, the Swine Flu, which initially infected only pigs, started infecting humans in Mexico. How could a virus which initially only infected pigs, infect humans? The proteins (capsid) changes enough so the virus can now recognize human proteins and infect the cell. 35. When you get a vaccine, you are injected with a “dead” virus”. This means the genetic information has been destroyed. How does your body build an immunity to a “dead” virus? Your body makes antibodies against the capsid proteins on the virus. If ever exposed to the same, active virus, your body will recognize and remember the virus and deactivate it.