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Name:_______________ Date:________________ Class:_______________ Lesson 8 Cell Division Notes Multiply, Divide and Survive ______________ allows scientist to observe cells in different stages of their life cycle as they grow and divide studies allowed scientists to determine that most cells containing nuclei undergo a series of steps called ___________ or _____________ to divide into two cells o these two stages are collectively called ______ __________ observations where also made on rod-shaped structures in the nuclei called _______________ that appear just before a cell splits o _______________ are composed of ________, which contain all of the hereditary information for each organism Pairing Up chromosomes occur in _________ o the number of pairs varies among organisms o all members of the _________ species have a unique number you might expect that complex organisms would have a ___________ number of chromosome pairs than a simple organism o however, this is NOT the case o complex humans have _______ pairs, where simple rose plants have _______ pairs hereditary units called _____________ appear in the same locations on both chromosomes of each pair Going in Circles a cell’s life cycle has stages or phases when a cell is not dividing it is in a stage called __________________ o during this phase: o cells are busy carrying on their life processes, which include ________________ o ________________ are not visible, they are elongated and blend in with the nuclear material when elongated and not visible they are referred to as _________________ DNA, that makes up the _____________ duplicates during this phase o near the end of _________________ , the cell makes final preparations for mitosis by producing necessary organelles for each daughter cell _________________ is a series of phases during which the DNA first __________ and ________________ into chromosomes o chromosomes _____________ from each other and _______________ into the nuclei of what will soon become two new cells the new cells are called _____________ ___________ has four stages that are continuous 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 3. ______________________ 4. ______________________ Prophase _________________ begin to coil, shorten and become thicker o they are then referred to as ________________, and are visible centrioles produce a mesh-like structure of fine, ___________ _____________ ___________ _______________ disintegrates, fibers guide movement of chromosomes toward the ____________ of the cell Metaphase ___________________ line up in the middle of the cell ___________________, place where duplicated chromosomes are attached, align in middle of the cell Anaphase duplicated chromosomes separate each become _______________ chromosomes fibers shorten drawing chromosomes to ____________ ends of the cell Telophase chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell chromosomes _____________ and ______________, and begin to blend into nuclear material _____________ _______________ forms around each nucleus fibers breakdown and disappear mitosis is complete daughter cells are in __________________ both nuclei are ________________, therefore _______ or _________ ___________ are identical Final Step _________________ occurs splitting of daughter cells different in ___________ and ____________ cells o in an _____________ cell, membrane pinches inward to form two daughter cells o in ______________ cell, cell plate forms in the middle of cell until it becomes part of the cell wall The Cell Cycle Label