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Transcript
Cell Theory Learning Target: I can develop and use a model to describe the function of a cell as a whole and ways parts of cells contribute to the function. Cell: smallest structural and functional unit of an organism (make up all living things). Examples of things made of cells: flowers, skin, milk, hamburger, apples, sugar, blood, and saliva. Examples of things NOT made of cells: proteins, rocks, DNA, calcium, sand, water, molecules, chlorophyll, cell membrane, chromosomes, and atoms. 3 Parts of Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. History Leeuwenhoek – developed a more powerful microscope to discover bacteria. Hooke – coined the phrase “cell” by comparing the cambers she saw on a piece of cork to the rooms monks slept in (small area). Schleiden – discovered all plants were made of cells (plant cells). Schwann – discovered all animals were made of cells (animal cells). Cell Organelles Cell Part Structure/Function Cell Wall A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. Chloroplast The organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food. (plant cell) Cytoplasm The fluid inside a cell. Endoplasmic reticulum The organelle that makes lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for Golgi complex. Golgi apparatus The organelle that processes and transports protein and other materials out of cell. Lysosome The organelle that digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders. Mitochondria Nucleus The organelle that breaks down food molecules to make ATP. The organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell. Cell membrane A phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment. Large central vacuole The organelle that stores water and other materials. (plant cell) Small vacuoles Ribosome The organelle in an animal cell that stores food and nutrients. The organelle in which amino acids are hooked together to make proteins. cell membrane Cell Theory Learning Target: I can develop and use a model to describe the function of a cell as a whole and ways parts of cells contribute to the function. Cell: smallest structural and functional unit of an organism (make up all living things). Examples of things made of cells: flowers, skin, milk, hamburger, apples, sugar, blood, and saliva. Examples of things NOT made of cells: proteins, rocks, DNA, calcium, sand, water, molecules, chlorophyll, cell membrane, chromosomes, and atoms. 3 Parts of Cell Theory 4. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 5. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. 6. All cells come from preexisting cells. History Leeuwenhoek – developed a more powerful microscope to discover bacteria. Hooke – coined the phrase “cell” by comparing the cambers she saw on a piece of cork to the rooms monks slept in (small area). Schleiden – discovered all plants were made of cells (plant cells). Schwann – discovered all animals were made of cells (animal cells). Cell Organelles Cell Part Structure/Function Cell Wall A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. Chloroplast The organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food. (plant cell) Cytoplasm The fluid inside a cell. Endoplasmic reticulum The organelle that makes lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for Golgi complex. Golgi apparatus The organelle that processes and transports protein and other materials out of cell. Lysosome The organelle that digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders. Mitochondria Nucleus The organelle that breaks down food molecules to make ATP. The organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell. Cell membrane A phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment. Large central vacuole The organelle that stores water and other materials. (plant cell) Small vacuoles Ribosome The organelle in an animal cell that stores food and nutrients. The organelle in which amino acids are hooked together to make proteins. cell membrane