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Section 2 Eukaryotic Cells
Key Concept Eukaryotic cells have organelles that perform
important functions.
Cell Wall • Eukaryotic cells have many organelles in common to carry out
important functions.
• Plants are eukaryotes that have some structures and organelles not
seen in _______cells.
• Plant cells have a rigid structure that _________the cell membrane
called the cell wall. Animal cells _______a cell wall.
Cell Membrane • All cells have a cell membrane made up of proteins and_________.
• A phospholipid has a water-loving, or__________, head and a water-fearing,
or hydrophobic, tail.
• The ____________form a two-layer protective membrane.
• The two-layer membrane makes it ________for materials to pass into or
out of the cell.
• Some materials, like nutrients and wastes, move through the ___________
using protein passageways within the membrane.
Cytoskeleton • The _________is a web of proteins in the cytoplasm of some cells. It
plays a key role in cell movement, shape, and division.
• Different cells have different ________because of the arrangement of
their cytoskeletons.
Nucleus • All eukaryotic cells have a________. The nucleus is the large organelle that
contains the cell’s DNA.
• The DNA provides messages for making________. The messages are
sent out of the nucleus through pores in the nucleus membrane.
• Some cells have a dark area within the nucleus called the__________.
Ribosome assembly begins here.
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes are small organelles that make________. There are more
ribosomes than any other organelle in the cell.
• Because all cells need to make proteins, all cells have_________.
• Unlike most__________, ribosomes are not covered by a membrane.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The endoplasmic reticulum, or_____, is a system of folded membranes
in which proteins, lipids, and other materials are made.
• Rough ER is covered with _________that make proteins near the
nucleus. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
• Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down toxic materials. The ER also5
functions as a _________system for the cell.
Mitochondria
• A mitochondrion is the main _______source of a cell. Mitochondria are
organelles in which sugar is broken down to release energy.
• Mitochondria have two membranes. The folded inner membrane of a
mitochondrion is where _____is made.
• ATP is the energy storing molecule used by the cell to carry out its
functions.
• Most eukaryotic cells have___________. They are unusual organelles
in that they have their own DNA and divide on their own, like bacteria.
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts are organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.
Plants, algae, and some prokaryotes have cells with__________.
• Chloroplasts are green because they contain chlorophyll, the pigment
that traps the energy of_______.
• This energy is used to make sugar during____________.
• Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, have their own DNA and two
membranes. Photosynthesis takes place in the _______membrane.
Golgi Complex
• The Golgi complex ___________and distributes proteins and lipids. The
materials may be taken to other parts of the cell or may exit the cell.
• Materials may be modified in the Golgi complex to do different jobs
before they are sent off.
• The Golgi complex pinches off portions of its membrane to create
________. The bubbles contain the materials to be transported.
• The Golgi complex looks much like the _______ER.
Cell Compartments
• The bubble that forms from the Gogi complex’s membrane is an
example of a________.
• A vesicle is a small ______that surrounds materials to be moved into or
out of the cell. Vesicles also move materials within the cell.
• All eukaryotic cells have vesicles.
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes are vesicles that contain digestive_________. They carry
out digestion inside a cell.
• Lysosomes ________worn-out organelles, engulf foreign invaders, and
get rid of wastes.
• Lysosomes are found mainly in ________cells.
Vacuoles
• A vacuole is another type of vesicle found in cells. They play an
important role in________.
• Vacuoles in plants and fungi may act like__________. The large central
vacuole in a plant cell stores water and other liquids.
• Some plants wilt when their large central vacuoles lose_________.
Animal, lysosomes, lack, water ,ribosomes, plants, phospholipids, ER , vesicle ,power ,
smooth ,delivery , ATP ,roteins ,shapes, sac, membrane, inner ,proteins, enzymes,
sunlight ,nucleus, cytoskeleton, phospholipids ,hydrophillic , nucleolus ,difficult ,
packages ,surrounds, organelles, photosynthesis, destroy ,chloroplasts ,ribosomes,
bubbles, animal ,mitochondria,