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amino acid
any one of 20 different
organic molecules that
contain a carboxyl and an
amino group that combine
to form proteins
protein
an organic compo0und that
is made of one or more
chains of amino acids and
that is a principal
component of all cells
carbohydrate
any organic compound that
is made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen and
that provides nutrients to
the cells of living things
nucleic
acid
an organic compound,
either RNA or DNA, whose
molecules are made up of
one or two chains of
nucleotides and carry
genetic information
monosaccharide
a simple sugar that is the
basic unit of a
carbohydrate
disaccharide
any of a class of sugars,
such as maltose, lactose,
and sucrose, having two
linked monosaccharide
units per molecule
fatty acid
Any of a large group of
organic acids, especially
those found in animal and
vegetable fats and oils
glycerol*
The glycerol backbone is
central to all lipids known
as triglycerides
polysaccharide
a carbohydrate, as starch,
insulin, or cellulose,
containing more than three
monosaccharide units per
molecule
lipid
a type of biochemical that
does not dissolve in water
including fats and steroids;
lipids stove energy and
make up cell membranes
enzyme
a type of protein that
speeds up metabolic
reactions in plant and
animals without being
permanently changed or
destroyed
phosphate
group
The phosphate ion is
a polyatomic ion with
theempirical formula PO43−
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active site
catalyst
the site on an enzyme that
attaches to a substrate
a substance that causes or
accelerates a chemical
reaction without itself
being affected
monomer
a molecule that may bind
chemically to other
molecules to form
a polymer
polymer
a large molecule,
or macromolecule,
composed of many
repeated subunits
DNA
deoxyribonucleic
acid
a molecule that encodes
the genetic instructions
used in the development
and functioning of all
known living organisms and
many viruses
also known as DNA
substrate
a part, substance, or
element that lies beneath
and supports another part,
substance or element; the
reactant in reactions
catalyzed by enzymes
adenine
one of the
fundamental components
of nucleic acids,
which it forms a base pair
with thymine in DNA and
uracil in RNA
guanine
one of the four main
bases found in the nucleic
acids DNA and RNA; pairs
with cytosine
cytosine
one of the four main bases
found in DNA and RNA;
base pairs with guanine
thymine
one of the four bases in
the nucleic acid of DNA;
base pairs with adenine
uracil
one of the
fournucleobases in
the nucleic acid of RNA
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ribonucleic
acid
RNA
also known as RNA
is a family of large
biological molecules that
perform multiple vital roles
in
the coding, decoding, regul
ation,
andexpression of genes
Ribose is a constituent
5-carbon
sugar
related deoxyribose of DN
catalyst
a substance which speeds
up the rate of a reaction
of RNA, and the
A.