Download Cell Structure and Function

NAME ____________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION REVIEW
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle all that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN ONE correct
answer.
Which of the following is TRUE of a cell membranes?
A. Cell membranes allow ALL substances to pass through easily
B. It is selectively permeable so only certain molecules can pass through it.
C. It acts more like a fluid than a solid because its molecules are constantly
moving
D. Cell membranes surround all animal, plant, and bacterial cells.
E. It is a bilayer composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins
The nucleus includes all of the following EXCEPT ____________________
A. cytoplasm
B. nuclear envelope
C. DNA
D. nucleolus
E. chromatin
Cells like muscle cells which require lots of energy would probably have many
____________________.
A. nuclei
B. flagella
C. mitochondria
D. lysosomes
Viruses, bacteria, and old organelles that a cell wants to get rid of are broken down in
______________
A. ribosomes
B. mitochondria
C. rough ER
D. lysosomes
Mitochondria store the energy released when they burn glucose as
______________________.
A. DNA
B. ATP
C. SER
D. RNA
The structures that synthesize proteins in cells are the ____________________.
A. ribosomes
B. Golgi apparatus
C. lysosomes
D. vacuoles
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The folded inner membrane in mitochondria which increases the surface area for chemical
reactions to take place is called the ________________.
A. thylakoids
B. centrioles
C. chromatin
D. cristae
The dark spot seen in the nucleus in non-dividing cells where RNA for ribosomes is made
is called the ______________________
A. cristae
B. nucleolus
C. plastids
D. cytosol
The cells organelles that are surrounded by DOUBLE MEMBRANES and contain their
OWN DNA are the _________________
A. nucleus, ER, and lysosomes
B. nucleus, vacuoles, and chloroplasts
C. nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
D. ER, Golgi bodies, and vacuoles
One difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that _____________________
A. prokaryotes are surrounded by a cell membrane and eukaryotes are not
B. prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes don’t
C. eukaryotes have DNA and prokaryotes don’t
D. eukaryotes have membranes around their nucleus and organelles and
prokaryotes don’t
Vacuoles are _______________ in plant cells than in animal cells.
A. smaller
B. larger
Cell membranes form because the hydrophobic tails on phospholipids try to ________
water.
A. be near
B. stay away from
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Name two organelles found in plant cells that are NOT seen in animal cells.
____________________________
____________________________
Tell one way you can tell this cell is NOT A
PLANT CELL.
___________________________________
Tell one way you can tell this cell is NOT A
BACTERIA.
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TELL TWO (2) WAYS EACH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE DIFFERENT?
CHROMATIN
CHROMOSOME
CILIA
FLAGELLA
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CHARACTERISTICS
OF CELLS
TRAIT
Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
Presence of Nuclear
Membrane?
Presence of Cell Wall?
Vacuoles --- Small,
Large, None?
With or without
Centrioles?
Chloroplasts?
Mitochondria?
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CELL THEORY
1. All living things are ____________________________.
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2. Cells are the basic unit of _______________ & ______________
in an organism (= basic unit of life)
3. Cells come from the reproduction of __________________________
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English scientists who first saw “little boxes” in CORK that he named cells
___________________
Dutch microscope maker who was the first to observe LIVING cells
____________________________
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_____________ CELL
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_____________ CELL
____________ CELL
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NUMBER AND NAME THESE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN THE CORRECT
ORDER FROM SIMPLEST TO MOST COMPLEX.
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THE WORD BEGINS WITH?
1. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function is the
_O_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
2. Sac of digestive enzymes = _L_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
3. _R_ __ __ __ __ ER is covered by ribosomes and sends its modified proteins
to the Golgi apparatus.
4. The _C_ __ __ __ _W_ __ __ __ is found outside the cell membrane in
plants and bacteria and provides support and protection.
5. An organism like a green plant that can make its own food =
_A_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
6. These sausage shaped organelles burn glucose and store the energy as ATP
= _M_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
7. The molecule used by cells to store genetic information = __ __ __
8. An organism with a nuclear membrane and organelles surrounded by
membranes = _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
9. The _N_ __ __ __ __ __ __ is surrounded by a double membrane, contains
the cells DNA, and acts as the control center.
10. One or two long, hair-like structures called _F_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
extend from the surface of cells and help move the cell.
11. The _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is the gel-like material plus the cell’s
organelles.
12. The function of ribosomes is to make _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
13. ER is an abbreviation for _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
_R_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
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14. __ __ __ __ __ __ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached.
15. The thylakoid sacs found inside a _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ are
where photosynthesis happens in plant cells.
16. A _G_ __ __ __ __
_B_ __ __ __ looks like a stack of pancakes and
packages molecules for transport out of the cell.
17. Space for storing food, water, enzymes, or waste =
_V_ __ __ __ __ __ __
18. An organism (like you) that CAN’T make its own food and gets it energy by
eating other organisms = _H_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
19. A _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is an organism like a bacteria with NO
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE and NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES.
20. The _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is made of microtubules and
microfilaments in the cytoplasm that provide support and give the cell its
shape.
21. _C_ __ __ __ __ are many short hair-like structures on the surface of a
cell that help move the cell or move substances past the cell.
22. _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ are log-like structures that appear
during cell division in animal cells and pull the chromosomes apart.
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OSMOSIS
Label the pictures below ( isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic environments)
_________________
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__________tonic means there is a GREATER concentration of solute molecules
OUTSIDE the cell than inside.
__________ tonic means there is a LOWER concentration of solute molecules
OUTSIDE the cell than inside.
__________tonic means there is the SAME concentration of solute molecules
outside the cell as inside.
The SWELLING AND BURSTING of animal cells
happens when a cell is placed in a _________tonic solution.
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The SHRINKING of plant cells when water leaves so the cell membrane
pulls away from the cell wall happens when a plant cell is placed into
__________tonic solution.
Cells stay the same size when placed in an ________tonic solution because
the amount of water leaving the cell is the same and the amount of water
entering.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the answer(s) that best completes the
sentence.
The substance that dissolves to make a solution is called the ___________________
A. diffuser
B. solvent
C. solute
D. concentrate
During diffusion molecules tend to move _____________________
A. up the concentration gradient
B. down the concentration gradient
C. from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
D. in a direction that doesn’t depend on concentration
When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system, the system has
reached __________________.
A. maximum concentration
B. homeostasis
C. osmotic pressure
D. equilibrium
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
________________.
A. active transport
B. facilitated diffusion
C. osmosis
D. phagocytosis
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis are all kinds of _______________ transport.
A. active
B. passive
________________ transport requires energy from ATP to move substances across
membranes.
A. Passive
B. Active
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White blood cells engulf, digest, and destroy invading bacteria using
__________________.
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. pinocytosis
C. phagocytosis
D. osmosis
Endocytosis that brings in small dissolved molecules (solutes) and fluids is called
___________________.
A. pinocytosis
B. phagocytosis
C. facilitated diffusion
D. osmosis
Placing an animal cell in a hypotonic solution will cause water to
______________________.
A. move into the cell
B. move out of the cell
When molecules move DOWN the concentration gradient it means they are moving from
______________
A. an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration
B. an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Complete the transport terms.
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1. _A_ __ __ is the molecule that provides the energy for active transport.
2. _D_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __moves oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules from a high
concentration to
a low concentration across membranes.
3. Water moves across membranes by _O_ __ __ __ __ __ __.
4. A small membrane sac used to transport substances during exocytosis & endocytosis
= _V_ __ __ __ __ __ __
5. _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ transport does NOT REQUIRE energy.
6. During _F_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ diffusion carrier proteins grab glucose
molecules, change
shape, and flip to the other side of the membrane, like a revolving
door.
7. A cell placed in an _I_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ solution neither swells or shrinks
because the concentration of molecules outside the cell is the same as inside.
8. A solution in which there is a HIGHER concentration of molecules OUTSIDE the cell
than inside = _H_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
9.Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and Na+-K+ pumps are all kinds of _A_ __ __ __ __ __
transport because
they use energy to move substances across membranes.
10. A solution in which the concentration of molecules outside the cell is LOWER than
inside
= _H_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
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