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BIOLOGY CYTOLOGY Topic 7: Nucleic Acids Topic 9: The Structure Cells and Cell Membrane 1. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are known as __________________. 2. A nucleotide consists of what three parts? 3. What are the functions of nucleic acids in living things? 4. List three kinds of RNA? 2. Which of the following best describes the general structure of a cell membrane? A) Proteins are sandwiched between two layers of phospholipid B) Phospholipids are sandwiched between two layers of protein C) Proteins are embedded in two layers of phospholipid D) Phospholipids are embedded in two layers of protein E) There is no proteins at all on the cell membrane. 6. What is the function of mRNA? 7. What are the differences of DNA from RNA? 8. Which type of sugars is found in the structure of DNA molecule? 10. What is the function of tRNA? 4. What is the meaning of semi-permeability? 5. Write the functions of the plasma membrane. 6. Which kind of lipids is found in structure of cell membrane? 7. Draw the general structure of a cell membrane and label its parts. 8. Explain the hydrophobic and hydrophilic terms. Where are these used for? 11. What are the differences of DNA from RNA? Topic 10: Cytoplasm and Organelles: Topic 8: Exploring of Cells: 1. Who was the first person to identify and see cells? A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek B) Robert Hooke C) Matthias Schleiden D) Rudolf Virchow E) Alexander Oparin 2. What are three concepts which make up The Theory of Cell? 1. Which of following cell structures stores food, water or wastes for cell? A) Lysosomes B) Vacuole C) Mitochondria D) Golgi body E) Nucleus 2. Which organelle breaks down engulfed food particles into their smallest parts? A) Golgi apparatus C) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Lysosome D) Mitochondrion E) Centrosome 3. Are human cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Why? 4. Which of the following cannot be found in a prokaryotic cell? A) DNA B) RNA C) Ribosome D) Membrane E) Mitochondria 5. According to their cellular structure, cells are grouped as ______________ and _______________. 6. What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 8. Which of the following is a common structure for Prokaryote and Eukaryotic organisms? A) Ribosome B) Lysosome C) Nucleus D) Mitochondria E) Vacuole 9. Human beings can stand upright because we have skeletal system which gives support to our body. How plants stand up right, although they do not have bones? 10. What is the meaning of membranous organelle? 11. What are the common structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Date: ____/_____________/ 2011 4. Which organelle produces proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? A) Golgi apparatus C) Vacuole B) Mitochondrion D) Ribosome E) Chloroplast 5. What is the name of organelle which is responsible for cellular respiration and known as the “energy power center” of cell? A) Ribosome B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Mitochondrion D) Cell membrane E) Lysosome 6. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? 7. What we call the inner folds of the mitochondria? A) Cristae B) Matrix C) Stroma D) Grana E) Tubules 9. Chloroplasts are found in which of the following? A) Plant cells D) Bacteria cell B) Animal cells E) Fungi Cell C) Both A and B 10. Match the cell structure with the part of a factory it is like. Cell Structure Factory Part _____ 1. Cytoskeleton a. oil-burning furnaces _____ 2. Nucleus b. Customization shop Signature: _____________________ BIOLOGY CYTOLOGY _____ 3. Ribosome c. Solar pover plants _____ 4. Golgi apparatus d. Steel beams and columns _____ 5. Chloroplasts e. Factory machines _____ 6. Mitochondria f. Main office 11. Match the organelle with its function in the cell. Topic 11: Passive Diffusion 1. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of ______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration. 2. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called _____________. Organelle Description ___ 1. Ribosome a. Uses energy from sunlight to make energy- rich food ___ 2. Endoplasmic reticulum ___ 3. Golgi body ___ 4. Lysosome ___ 5. Vacuole ___ 6. Chloroplast ___ 7. Mitochondria b. Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. c. Produce energy d. An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed e. Sac-like structures that store materials f. Small particles made up of rRNA and protein molecules which produce proteins g. Filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used 12. Match the structures of cell with their functions. a. Cell wall | b. Nucleus | c. Cytoskeleton | d. Endoplasmic reticulum | e. Golgi body | f. chloroplast | g. mitochondria 3. Which of the following statements is true about diffusion? A) It is very rapid over long distances. B) It requires expenditure of energy by the cell. C) It is a passive process. D) It occurs when molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. E) It requires integral proteins of the cell membrane. 4. Explain the following terms: Hypertonic solution: Isotonic Solution: Hypotonic Solution: 5. The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8 M. To demonstrate plasmolysis it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution? A) distilled water B) 0.4 M C) 0.8 M D) 1.0 M E) any of the above 6. Sea water is dangerous to drink because____. A) one cup of sea water contains enough sodium to poison you B) sea water is hypertonic to your body tissues and drinking it will cause you to lose water by osmosis C) sea water is isotonic to your body fluids and you will absorb too much water, causing your cells to burst D) the salt causes hypertension and you will promptly die of a stroke E) it contains toxic levels of iodine 7. Match the situation to the description Situation Description ___ 1. Controls most cell processes and contains DNA ___ 2. Uses energy from food to make high-energy compounds _____ 1. Two solutions are isotonic ___ 3. Provides support and protective for the cell _____ ___ 4. Maintains cell shape with a network of protein filaments 2. A solution is hypertonic b. The solutions are the same strenght. _____ ___ 5. Uses energy from sunlight to make 3. A solution is hypotonic c. the solution is below strength in solute. ___ 6. ___ 7. Assembles components of the cell membrane and modifies some proteins food molecules Attaches carbohydrates and lipids to proteins using enzymes 13. What is the function of the nucleus? 15. If you remove the nucleus form any cell, what happens to cell? 16. Which structures found in the nucleus stores genetic information? 17. Draw a nucleus and label its parts. a. The solution is above strength in solute. 8. What are the effects of carrier proteins in diffusion? 9. If we put a plant cell into distilled water, it will __________. A) burst B) shrink C) swell D) sink E) swim 10. Some erythrocyte cells are placed into a liquid that has a density of 1.1 like figure given above. Density of cells is 0.9. a) What will happen to red blood cells? Date: ____/_____________/ 2011 Signature: _____________________ BIOLOGY CYTOLOGY b) If we place red blood cells into fresh water that has density of 0.7, what would be the result of experiment? 11. Sucrose cannot pass through the cell membrane, but water and urea can. Osmosis would cause red blood cells to shrink the most when immersed in which of the following solutions? A) a hypertonic sucrose solution B) a hypotonic sucrose solution C) a hypertonic urea solution D) a hypotonic urea solution E) pure water 12. What can be observed when we add a cell into the salty water (hypertonic solution)? 13. A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell. Explain what happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution. 14. Which of the following factors increases rate of passive transport through the membrane, if the level of this factor increases? A) Molecular size B) Molecular weight C) Pore number D) Molecular charge E) Molecular type 15. How does alcohol diffuse through the plasma membrane? 16. What is the Dialysis? For what reason is it used? 17. List 4 factors that affect the rate of passive transport a) ……………………………………………………. b) ……………………………………………………… c) ……………………………………………………… d) ……………………………………………………… Date: ____/_____________/ 2011 Signature: _____________________