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Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Date: September 28, 2007
Drill
1. What part of the microscope regulates light?
2. Why a microscope is called compound?
Organelles
Literally means little organs
Perform specialized functions in the cells
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Contains the instructions/blue prints (DNA) for making proteins
Transfers genetic information from one generation to the next
Enclosed in a membrane chemical barrier called the nuclear membrane
Cytoplasm
• Clear Jelly like fluid in which the organelles are suspended.
• Mostly Water
• It is in constant motion and can be seen streaming (moving) under a microscope
Cell Membrane
• Composed of lipids and proteins
• Sometimes called plasma membrane
• Holds all of the contents of the cell in place
• Regulates what enters and exits the cell
• Acts as protection for the cell
• Allows water and many dissolved substances through the membrane.
Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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AKA the ER
System of flat tubes and sacks which serves as the cells internal transport system
2 Types
Rough- has ribosomes attached and creates a path for proteins out of the cell
Smooth- Plays role in building lipids and neutralizing poisons
Golgi apparatus
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When chemicals accumulate in the ER sections of the ER break off and form small sphere sacs
These sacs will join together to form the Golgi apparatus
Used as chemical storage
Parts of the Golgi will pinch off to deliver chemicals around the cell.
Lysosome
• The stomach of the cell
• Digest harmful invaders of cells
• Formed by the Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Site of Protein Synthesis
Biology 3rd Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Two Types
 Free Scattered through cytoplasm and make proteins for in use of cell
 Bound –attached to the ER, the proteins they make are transported out of the cell
Mitochondria
 Powerhouse of the cell
 Spherical or sausage like in shape
 2 membranes an inner and an outer
 Make energy for cell use from nutrients taken into the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
 Packages and ships out extra proteins
o When chemicals accumulate in the ER sections of the ER break off and form small Shpere sacs.
o These sacs will join together to form the Golgi apparatus
o Parts of the Golgi will pinch off to deliver chemicals around the cell.
Flagella
 *long threadlike projections from the cell
 *usually between 0 and 10 on any
 *only certain cells have them
Cillia:
 projections from cells like flagella
 Usually more numerous than flagella
 Usually shorter than flagella
Biology 3rd Block Room 128
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Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Short hair like structures used for movement
Vacuoles
 only in plants
 storage space for cells
 separated by a membrane
 stores mostly water
 Makes up 90% of the plant cells’ volume
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Cell Wall
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Rigid external structure of a plant cell (Cellulose)
found only in plants fungi and some algae
made of cellulose
used as a defense mechanism
wood is also made of this
allows water and dissolved substances through
Chloroplasts
 where plants make their food through photosynthesis
 Contain chlorophyll the green pigment (color) which allows plants to use the sun’s energy
 Only found in plants
 Where plants make their food through photosynthesis
 Contain chlorophyll
A human being is a multicellular eukaryote consisting of an estimated 100 trillion cells.
AsterSpindle Fiber-Strings which drag