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Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins are MACROMOLECULES • Marcromolecules are formed by a process called polymerization. Polymerization is when large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together. • Monomers are the smaller units that are joined to form Polymers. Carbohydrates CHO • Living things main source of energy. • Some plants and animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes. • Single sugars=monosaccharides glucose-sugar galactose-milk fructose-fruits • Polysaccharides are formed from monosaccharides glycogen-animal starch plant cell-plant cell, cellulose Lipids C H • Fats, oils and waxes • They are used to store energy. Made up of fatty acids and glycerol. • Important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. Nucleic Acids HCONP • Nucleotides are the monomers of Nucleic acids. • They consist of 3 parts: 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. • Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary or genetic information. • 2 kinds: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Proteins N H C O • Building blocks of proteins are amino acids. Amino acids are compounds with an amino group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH) on each end. • 20 different amino groups are found in nature • Proteins control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. Some proteins build tissue like bone and muscle. Some proteins transport materials or help to fight disease.