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Transcript
Chemical Compounds in Cells Review of basic chemistry • Element – any substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance – Ex – carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen • Atom – smallest unit of an element • Compound – two or more elements chemically combined – Ex – water, sugar, starch • Molecule – smallest unit of most compounds – Ex – H2O, C6H12O6, O2, CO2 Inorganic Compounds • Does not contain Carbon – Ex – water (H2O) Organic Compounds • Contain Carbon – Includes: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins • Contain C, H, O, N and sometimes Sulfur • Found in many foods • In the cell, used as: -part of cell membranes -structures of organelles -muscles in the body Structure of Proteins • Made of amino acids – There are 20 different amino acids in living things • These amino acids link together to form a large molecule of 50-3000 amino acids in one protein. • Change one aa, change whole protein Enzymes • Special kinds of proteins • Chemicals that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being used up themselves. Carbohydrates • • • • Energy rich Contain C, H, and O Simple sugars - glucose Complex carbohydrates – made up of many simple sugars attached to each other – Starch – Cellulose – make up plant cell walls Found in cell membranes, other cell parts, and store energy Lipids • Fats, oils, waxes • Store energy • Made of C, H, and O • Contain more energy than carbs Nucleic Acids • DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid • RNA – ribonucleic acid • Made of C, H, O, N, and Phosphorus • Contain instructions for cells to carry out all their functions. Water • Makes up about two thirds of your body. • Most chemical reactions occur in water. • Essential for all life.