Download 2nd 6 weeks review notes 2014

Cells
The cell membrane is a structure that forms the outer boundary of the cell and
allows only certain materials to move into and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm is the gel-like material inside the cell membrane and outside the
nucleus.
Mitochondria are organelles where food molecules are broken down and energy
is released. The energy is then stored in other molecules that can power cell
reactions easily.
Vacuoles store water, food, pigments, waste or other materials.
The cell wall is a rigid structure outside the cell membrane that supports and
protects the cell. (plants)
A plant's chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy. (Plants)
The largest organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell is usually the nucleus, a
structure that directs all the activities of the cell.
CELL THEORY
Three Parts
1. All living things contain at least cell
2. Cells are the smallest structural and functional units of life
3. Cells can only come from pre-existing life
Names to know: Redi, Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Spallanzani, Pastuer, Schleiden,
Schwann, Virchow
GENETICS
The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of genes.
Gene- The material that controls which traits are expressed in an organism
Genes come in pairs and offspring inherit one copy of each gene from
each parent
Heredity - The passing of traits from parent to offspring
Allele - The different forms of a trait that a gene may have
One form of a gene
Trait - Characteristics – can be physical or behavioral.
Traits that are genetic are passed down through the genes from parents to
offspring.
Nervous System
Function: The nervous system is like an information highway. It is responsible for controlling all the
functions and movements in the body and allows you to respond to changes in your environment.
Structure: Nerves, spinal cord, neurons, brain
Homeostasis: describes an environment that supports the survival of cells. All of your body’s systems
work together maintaining homeostasis in side of your body
Relay of information from stimulus to response :Stimulus  Sensory neuron  receptor  spinal
column sensory neuron  brain neuron receives the message  brain neuron processes message  brain
neuron sends message  spinal column motor neuron  motor neuron  muscle (response)