Download study guide for biology final 2008

STUDY GUIDE FOR HONORS BIOLOGY
FINAL 2015
Wednesday, June 17, 2015
7:55-9:55
Room Assignment: __________________
WHAT TO BRING TO THE FINAL EXAM:
1. At least one pencil with an eraser
2. Text book: Please remove all papers and cover
PLEASE NOTE:
You may write on the Final Exam, however, all of your responses must be clearly
placed on the electronic Scantron answer sheet.
EXAM WILL CONSIST OF:
1. About 100 Scantron questions
2. Open Ended Responses
3. Graphing
Unit: Cell Membrane & Cellular Transport
VOCABULARY
Cell membrane
Phospholipid
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Transport proteins
Concentration Gradient
Dynamic Equilibrium
CONCEPTS
1. Review the structure of the plasma membrane – know the parts of the membrane and
their functions.
2. The lipid bilayer is selectively permeable. Explain which types of molecules can and
can’t go through the lipid bilayer.
3. Compare/contrast active and passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, active transport,
facilitated diffusion)
4. Be able to predict the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Unit: Cell Division
VOCABULARY
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Chromosomes
Meiosis
Crossing-over
Homologous pairs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Mitosis
IPMATC
Centromere
egg/ovum
sperm
The cell cycle
Cancer
Chromatids
gamete
fertilization
Spindle
Centrioles
Chromatin
diploid
haploid
CONCEPTS
Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction, know some examples of asexual
Know all the main events associated with each stage of the cell cycle; be able to identify
each phase of mitosis. You will not draw it yourself.
Know the main differences between mitosis in animals and plants
Understand how cancer is related to cell division
Know chromosome structure and the relationship between chromatin, chromatids, and
chromosomes.
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and know the end products of both
Identify and explain diploid vs. haploid cells and the role of meiosis and fertilization in
maintaining the chromosome number of the species.
Understand how the process of crossing over increases genetic variability – when does it
happen?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELL RESPIRATION
VOCABULARY
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Organic molecules
Inorganic molecules
Glucose
ATP
CONCEPTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Know the overall reaction of photosynthesis and cell respiration
Focus on gases absorbed and released by each process
Concept of changing inorganic molecules into organic molecules
Compare/contrast animal and plant cells
Unit: Genetics
VOCABULARY
Punnett square
Chromosomes
Genes
Law of dominance
phenotype
homozygous
heterozygous
sex chromosome
F1 Generation
allele
autosome
pedigree
sex-linked
Genotype
CONCEPTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Punnett squares and the laws of inheritance including
Monohybrid and di-hybrid genetic problems – predict ratios of genotype to phenotype
Sex-linked crosses
ABO blood types
Interpret a karyotype
Interpret a pedigree, name the mode of inheritance, and identify the genotype for each
individual
Unit: DNA and Protein Synthesis
VOCABULARY
Double helix
Nucleotide
Nitrogen base
Base pairing
Amino acids
Ribosome
Nucleus
DNA helicase
Protein
DNA polymerase
tRNA
mRNA
Gene
Mutation
Substitution
deletion
Trait
CONCEPTS
1. Compare and contrast the structures and functions of DNA and RNA
2. Explain DNA replication and know when during cell cycle it happen
3. Understand
Unit: Evolution
VOCABULARY
Adaptation
Natural selection
Common ancestor
Cladogram
Genetic variation
Resistance
CONCEPTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain the four parts of the theory of natural selection as we’ve used them in class
Create a cladogram
Use cladograms or other phylogenetic trees to explain evolutionary relationships
Explain resistance (to drugs or pesticides for example) in populations
Unit: Ecology
VOCABULARY
Habitat
Niche
trophic level
food web
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
autotroph
heterotroph
ecological succession
Ecosystem
decomposers
water cycle
Carrying capacity
limiting factors
CONCEPTS
Know how to interpret a food web
Know the role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle
Distinguish between habitat and niche
Explain the role of producers in an ecosystem
Explain logistic population growth
LAB TECHNIQUE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Independent variable
Control group
VOCABULARY
Dependent variable
Experimental group
CONCEPTS
Be able to identify improper microscope use
Set up a controlled experiment
carnivore
herbivore
omnivore