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Name: _______________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: _______ Virtual DNA Activity Directions: Answer the following questions by visiting the web site below. http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/ Click “Tour of the Basics” What is DNA? 1. Where can the instructions be found that provide information needed to grow? _______________ 2. Which molecule acts as a blueprint for building cell parts? _______________________________ 3. a. What is the shape of DNA called? b. What are the two rules of the DNA alphabet? a. _________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Examine the picture. Which type of bonds hold the DNA bases together? ____________________ 5. What molecule do genes create? ____________________________________________________ What is a Gene? 6. Why are genes called the instruction manual for our body? _______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are genes made from? ________________________ 8. a. What is the function of the protein HEMOGLOBIN? b. Which cells contain hemoglobin? a. _________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________ 9. How many genes make up a human being? ____________________________________________ 10. a. What does mutate mean? b. Which disorder happens when hemoglobin is mutated? a. _______________________________ b. __________________________________ 11. What does the protein KERATIN do? ________________________________________________ What is a Chromosome? 12. a. How long would DNA be if stretched out? a. _______________________________ b. What are the units of packaged DNA called? b. __________________________________ 13. Besides DNA, what else of packaged into a chromosome? ________________________________ 14. How many chromosomes can be found in each human cell? ______________________________ 15. Examine the karyotype picture. Is the individual a male or female? _________________________ 16. a. Which organism has more chromosomes than a human? a. _______________________________ b. How many do they contain? b. ____________________________ What is a Protein? 17. How many cells make up a human? __________________________________________________ 18. What do receptor proteins do? _______________________________________________________________________________ 19. Why have nerve cells grown branches? _______________________________________________________________________________ 20. Why do scientists use computer models to show proteins? _______________________________________________________________________________ 21. Each gene in the DNA encodes information about how to make an individual ________________. 22. a. Which molecule, similar to DNA, reads a gene? b. Which organelle makes proteins? a. _______________________________ b. ____________________________ 23. After created, where will a protein travel? _______________________________________________________________________________