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Transcript
Biology Cell Unit Notes A. HISTORY: DISCOVERY OF THE CELL Made possible by the discovery of the microscope in 17th century 1665 – Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork. Observed pores and compartments and developed the term “Cell.” Did Hooke see living cells? 1673 – Antoine van Leeuwenhoek a Dutch microscope maker was the first person to OBSERVE a living cell Contributing Scientists: Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow B. MODERN CELL THEORY: 5 parts 1. All living things are made from one or more cells 2. Cells are the single basic units of living organisms Flow map: 3. All cells come from the reproduction of preexisting cells – most cells have the capability of dividing 4. Most cells contain hereditary information and can be passed on from cell to cell during reproduction Ex. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction 5. All cells are basically the same in chemical structure and activities C. CELL DIVERSITY: Not all cells alike Size differs Shape: diversity of shape reflects a diversity of functions Internal organization a. Organelles – internal cell component that perform specific functions Differentiation: cells have the ability to specialize and do different jobs Ex. Pancreas cell: Produces Insulin Ex. White blood cell: digests unwanted microbes D. CELL TYPES: all living organisms are classified into individual groups based on their cell type. a. Prokaryotic cell: lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Ex. Bacteria only b. Eukaryotic cell: contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Ex. all other cells; plant cell, animal cell, fungi cells, single celled protozoa * Viruses: made up of compounds associated with cells but are nonliving organisms. Double Bubble Map: Virus vs. Cell Double Bubble Map: Prokaryotic cell vs. Eukaryotic cell Cell Prokaryotes Types Ex Bacteria Size Eukaryotes Virus (diseases they cause) Plant or animal cells HIV, Polio, chicken pox, warts Microscopic Larger than Extremely small cells prokaryotes, some Size: 20nm Size: smallest are macroscopic, Ex. .0000000020 – bacteria .2µm - Size: 100 µm 1nm = .001µm .000002 No nucleus, no Contains a nucleus No nucleus, no membrane and membrane bound organelles, bound organelles nucleic acid and organelles Ex. contain protein coat Ex. no nucleus, membrane bound contain nucleus and other ribosome, organelles cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane Contains DNA Contains DNA/RNA Contains DNA or RNA Can reproduce Can reproduce Can replicate only inside a cell and only with the help of a cell