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Biology
Cell Unit Notes
A. HISTORY: DISCOVERY OF THE CELL
 Made possible by the discovery of the microscope in 17th century
 1665 – Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of
cork. Observed pores and compartments and developed the term
“Cell.”
 Did Hooke see living cells?
 1673 – Antoine van Leeuwenhoek a Dutch microscope maker was
the first person to OBSERVE a living cell
 Contributing Scientists: Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
B. MODERN CELL THEORY: 5 parts
1. All living things are made from one or more cells
2. Cells are the single basic units of living organisms
Flow map:
3. All cells come from the reproduction of preexisting cells – most cells
have the capability of dividing
4. Most cells contain hereditary information and can be passed on from cell to
cell during reproduction
Ex. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical structure and activities
C. CELL DIVERSITY: Not all cells alike
 Size differs
 Shape: diversity of shape reflects a diversity of functions
 Internal organization
a. Organelles – internal cell component that perform specific functions
 Differentiation: cells have the ability to specialize and do
different jobs
 Ex. Pancreas cell: Produces Insulin
 Ex. White blood cell: digests unwanted microbes
D. CELL TYPES: all living organisms are classified into individual groups based
on their cell type.
a. Prokaryotic cell: lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Ex. Bacteria only
b. Eukaryotic cell: contains a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
Ex. all other cells; plant cell, animal cell, fungi cells, single celled
protozoa
* Viruses: made up of compounds associated with cells but are nonliving organisms.
Double Bubble Map: Virus vs. Cell
Double Bubble Map: Prokaryotic cell vs. Eukaryotic cell
Cell Prokaryotes
Types
Ex
Bacteria
Size
Eukaryotes
Virus (diseases
they cause)
Plant or animal cells HIV, Polio,
chicken pox,
warts
Microscopic
Larger than
Extremely small
cells
prokaryotes, some
Size: 20nm
Size: smallest are macroscopic, Ex. .0000000020 –
bacteria .2µm - Size: 100 µm
1nm = .001µm
.000002
No nucleus, no Contains a nucleus
No nucleus, no
membrane
and membrane bound organelles,
bound
organelles
nucleic acid and
organelles
Ex. contain
protein coat
Ex. no nucleus, membrane bound
contain
nucleus and other
ribosome,
organelles
cytoplasm, cell
wall, cell
membrane
Contains DNA Contains DNA/RNA Contains DNA or
RNA
Can reproduce Can reproduce
Can replicate
only inside a cell
and only with the
help of a cell