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Biology Word Study – Chapter 3 – Cell Structure and Function
Directions: Study the following words by reading and rereading them each
evening so you will be prepared for the word study test each week. You may use
one 4” x 6” index card to write as many words and definitions on as possible for
the test. The card must written in ink, be in your handwriting, and have your
name recorded in the top, right corner with no obvious erasures or mark outs. If
all the criteria are met, you may use your index card during the test. It will then
be taken up and stapled to your test.
1.) cell theory - the theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all
cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic
unit of life
2.) cytoplasm – a jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and
in some cells organelles
3.) organelle – the membrane bound structure that is specialized to perform a
distinct process within a cell
4.) prokaryotic cell – a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membranebound organelles
5.) eukaryotic cell – a cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles
6.) cytoskeleton – a network of proteins, such as microtubules and
microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the
cell
7.) nucleus (plural: nuclei) - an organelle composed of a double membrane
that acts as the storehouse for most of the cell’s DNA
8.) endoplasmic reticulum – the interconnected network of thin, folded
membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins
9.) ribosome – an organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins
10.) Golgi apparatus – a stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing
enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins
11.) vesicle – a small organelle tht contains and transports materials within the
cytoplasm
12.) mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) – a bean shaped organelle that
supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA
13.) vacuole – an organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food
or enzymes that are needed by the cell
14.) lysosome – an organelle that contains enzymes
15.) centriole – a small cylinder shaped organelle made of protein tubes
arranged in a circle; it aids in mitosis
16.) cell wall – a rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to
plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria
17.) chloroplast – an organelle composed of numerous membranes that are
used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; it contains
chlorophyll
18.) cell membrane – a double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary
between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the
passage of materials into and out of a cell
19.) phospholipid – a molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane; it
consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acids
20.) fluid mosaic model – a model that describes the arrangement and
movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
21.) selective permeability – the condition or quality of allowing some, but
not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane
22.) receptor – a protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action
in response
23.) passive transport – the movement of molecules across the cell membrane
without energy input from the cell
24.) diffusion – the movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a
region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
25.) concentration gradient – the difference in the concentration of a
substance from one location to another
26.) osmosis – the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable
membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of
lower water concentration
27.) isotonic – a solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles
compared with another solution
28.) hypertonic – a solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved
particles compared with another solution
29.) hypotonic – a solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved
particles compared with another solution
30.) facilitated diffusion – the diffusion of molecules assisted by protein
channels that pierce a cell membrane
31.) active transport – energy-requiring movement of molecules across a
membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher
concentration
32.) endocytosis – the uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by the
inward folding of the cell membrane
33.) phagocytosis – the uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the
particle
34.) exocytosis – the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a
vesicle with the membrane