Download DNA REVIEW SHEET (answer in COMPLETE sentences on another

DNA TEST
Tu, 3/25 (B) – W, 3/26 (A)
Resources to Review
 Textbook, Chapters 12 (DNA) and 13 (Genetic Engineering)
 Class notes, diagrams & other supplementary handouts
 Homework folder items
 Review slides
Key Concepts (Ch. 12)
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Friedrich Miescher’s (1869) contribution to science (nuclein extraction from
WBC)
Frederick Griffith’s experiment (1928) (DNA as transformational factor)
In Griffith’s experiment, why did S cells maintain ability to synthesize capsules
while R cells could not?
What does the term transformation mean in terms of DNA?
Describe/diagram Avery et. al (1944) experiment.
Describe and diagram the experiment performed by Alfred Hershey and Martha
Chase in 1952? What did this experiment conclude?
What instrument or technique was used by Rosalind Franklin to determine the
structure of DNA? Draw a diagram of how this technique works. Specifically
what did her work reveal about the molecular nature of DNA?
Explain James Watson and Francis Crick contribution to biology.
List the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide. What are the 4 nucleotide bases of DNA?
List Chargaff’s Rules (1947). What did Chargaff’s research help Watson and
Crick deduce about DNA’s configuration?
List the purines. (Pur As Gold) List the pyrimidines (PYCUT).
Describe the hydrogen bonding between the various nitrogen bases.
What molecules make up the backbone of the DNA molecule?
What does the term semiconservative mean (think DNA replication)? What
about antiparallel (think about what one side of the DNA molecule looks like vs.
the other) ?
Describe the function of each enzyme associated with DNA: helicase, DNA
polymerase, DNA ligase, topoisomerase, editase). See chart given in notes.
Explain/diagram how DNA replicates.
Completely discuss how transcription works, elaborating on how DNA strand,
mRNA, and RNA polymerase are involved. (if you need additional help see
textbook - page 301 and 304).
List at least three differences between RNA and DNA.
Describe function and location in the cell of the three types of RNA (page 301302).
What is a polypeptide and what kinds of bonds are associated with it?
What does translation mean in reference to genetics? (Be able to translate DNA
and RNA sequences into amino acid sequences on the test). Explain codons and
anticodons.
Key Genetic Engineering Concepts – Chapter 13
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How does PCR work? If you’ve forgotten, see p. 325 in text or DNAi activity in
HWF.
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How do scientists cut DNA into smaller fragments? See DNAi activity or p. 323
in text.
Understand the basic process of gel electrophoresis, as illustrated in 13-6 in text
(p.323) as well as handout #4 from DNAi.
Explain the basics of cell transformation (specifically transforming bacteria) by
reviewing DNAi and figure 13-9 on p. 327 in your text.
Review the process of cloning as seen on p. 332 of your text.
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