Download Animal Cell Glossary

Animal Cell Glossary
The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of animal cell terms.
cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is
semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has
a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosome is where microtubules are made. During cell division
(mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The
centriole - the dense center of the centrosome.
cytoplasm - the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Golgi body - (also called the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that
looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the
lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for
"export" from the cell.
lysosome - (also called cell vesicles) spherical organelles surrounded by a membrane; they contain
digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place.
mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is
infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the
energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell.
nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. Some cells have more
than one nucleolus.
nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many
of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The
nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane
ribosome - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis.
rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and
convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear
membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports
materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body,
or inserted into the cell membrane).
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and
convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear
membrane). The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transports materials through the
cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off
from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body, lysosomes, and membranes
vacuole - fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The vacuole fills with food being
digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell.
Cells - The Units of Life
Practice Test
1.
Which of these is similar in function to a vacuole?
a.
an electric circuit
b.
a closet
c.
a bakery manager
d.
a wall
Hint
A vacuole stores food, water, and other substances until the cell is ready to use them.
2.
If a microscope has a lens with a power of 20X, how many times will it magnify
something?
a.
2 times its actual size
b.
20 times is actual size
c.
200 times its actual size
d.
2,000 times its actual size
Hint
The magnification of a microscope is found by multiplying the powers of the eyepiece
and the objective lens.
3.
What part of the cell helps control what enters and leaves the cell?
a.
cytoplasm
b.
cell membrane
c.
mitochondrion
d.
nucleus
Hint
This structure forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.
4.
What object did Robert Hooke first observe cells in?
a.
a muscle
b.
a bacterium
c.
a leaf
d.
a cork
Hint
This object often is associated with floating in water.
5.
Cytoplasm is made mostly of _________.
a.
vitamins
b.
water
c.
chemicals
d.
gelatin
Hint
Cell parts can freely move around in the cytoplasm.
6.
What determines which traits an organism will have?
a.
the nucleus
b.
DNA
c.
cytoplasm
d.
the mitochondrion
This is contained in the chromosomes.
Hint
7.
Plants, algae, and many bacteria make their own food through the process of
__________.
a.
metabolism
b.
cellular respiration
c.
photosynthesis
d.
digestion
Hint
In plants, this occurs in the leaves which contain chloroplasts.
8.
Which of the following does NOT have organelles?
a.
plants
b.
bacteria
c.
algae
d.
fungi
Hint
These are one-celled organisms.
9.
Chloroplasts capture energy from the __________ to make food.
a.
stored sugar
b.
Sun
c.
soil
d.
Moon
Hint
Can plants grow well in the dark?
10.
Which of the following are the smallest organisms on Earth?
a.
bacteria
b.
shrimp
c.
algae
d.
mold
Hint
These are made up of only one cell.
11.
Where is the hereditary material located in the cell?
a.
the mitochondrion
b.
the nucleus
c.
the cell membrane
d.
the vacuole
Hint
Chromosomes are located inside this organelle.
12.
Groups of similar cells that all do the same sort of work are called __________.
a.
tissues
b.
organs
c.
organ systems
d.
cell systems
Hint
Two or more of these form organs.
13.
Which type of cell forms a protective layer for your body?
a.
nerve cell
b.
skin cell
c.
muscle cell
d.
fat cell
Hint
They make up the body's largest organ.
14.
Which of the following is an organ?
a.
stomach
b.
muscle tissue
c.
nerve tissue
d.
blood tissue
Hint
Two or more of these form organs.
15.
What is the smallest unit of life in all living things called?
a.
an atom
b.
a molecule
c.
bacteria
d.
a cell
Hint
These are found in plants and animals.
16.
Which two structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
a.
cell membrane and a nucleus
b.
vacuoles and chloroplasts
c.
chloroplasts and a cell wall
d.
chromosomes and chlorophyll
Hint
Plant and animal cells contain cell membranes and a nucleus.
17.
Which of the following is NOT an organ?
a.
skin
b.
blood tissue
c.
the heart
d.
bones
Hint
An organ is made up of two or more tissues that work together.
18.
Put the level of organization in order from smallest to largest.
a.
organ system, organs, tissues, and cells
b.
organs, tissues, cells, and organ system
c.
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
d.
cells, organs, tissues, and organ systems
Hint
All of these put together form an organism.
19.
What is the function of a nerve cell?
a.
to contract and relax muscles
b.
to form a protective layer for your body
c.
to store fat
d.
to receive and deliver messages
Hint
Nerve cells are long and have many branches.
20.
The statement that all cells come from cells that already exist is part of __________.
a.
the fossil record
b.
the cell theory
c.
the reproductive theory
d.
Hooke's theory
Hint
The other parts of this theory are that all living things are made of one or more cells and
that the cell is the basic unit of life in which the activities of life occur.
http://www.glencoe.com/qe/science.php
Cells - The Units of Life
_____ 1.
_____ 2.
_____ 3.
_____ 4.
_____ 5.
_____ 6.
_____ 7.
_____ 8.
_____ 9.
_____ 10.
_____ 11.
Practice Test
Which of these is similar in function to a vacuole?
a.
an electric circuit
b.
a closet
c.
a bakery manager
d.
a wall
If a microscope has a lens with a power of 20X, how many times will it magnify
something?
a.
2 times its actual size
b.
20 times is actual size
c.
200 times its actual size
d.
2,000 times its actual size
What part of the cell helps control what enters and leaves the cell?
a.
cytoplasm
b.
cell membrane
c.
mitochondrion
d.
nucleus
What object did Robert Hooke first observe cells in?
a.
a muscle
b.
a bacterium
c.
a leaf
d.
a cork
Cytoplasm is made mostly of _________.
a.
vitamins
b.
water
c.
chemicals
d.
gelatin
What determines which traits an organism will have?
a.
the nucleus
b.
DNA
c.
cytoplasm
d.
the mitochondrion
Plants, algae, and many bacteria make their own food through the process of
__________.
a.
metabolism
b.
cellular respiration
c.
photosynthesis
d.
digestion
Which of the following does NOT have organelles?
a.
plants
b.
bacteria
c.
algae
d.
fungi
Chloroplasts capture energy from the __________ to make food.
a.
stored sugar
b.
Sun
c.
soil
d.
Moon
Which of the following are the smallest organisms on Earth?
a.
bacteria
b.
shrimp
c.
algae
d.
mold
Where is the hereditary material located in the cell?
a.
the mitochondrion
b.
the nucleus
c.
the cell membrane
d.
the vacuole
_____ 12.
_____ 13.
_____ 14.
_____ 15.
_____ 16.
_____ 17.
_____ 18.
_____ 19.
_____ 20.
Groups of similar cells that all do the same sort of work are called __________.
a.
tissues
b.
organs
c.
organ systems
d.
cell systems
Which type of cell forms a protective layer for your body?
a.
nerve cell
b.
skin cell
c.
muscle cell
d.
fat cell
Which of the following is an organ?
a.
stomach
b.
muscle tissue
c.
nerve tissue
d.
blood tissue
What is the smallest unit of life in all living things called?
a.
an atom
b.
a molecule
c.
bacteria
d.
a cell
Which two structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
a.
cell membrane and a nucleus
b.
vacuoles and chloroplasts
c.
chloroplasts and a cell wall
d.
chromosomes and chlorophyll
Which of the following is NOT an organ?
a.
skin
b.
blood tissue
c.
the heart
d.
bones
Put the level of organization in order from smallest to largest.
a.
organ system, organs, tissues, and cells
b.
organs, tissues, cells, and organ system
c.
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
d.
cells, organs, tissues, and organ systems
What is the function of a nerve cell?
a.
to contract and relax muscles
b.
to form a protective layer for your body
c.
to store fat
d.
to receive and deliver messages
The statement that all cells come from cells that already exist is part of __________.
a.
the fossil record
b.
the cell theory
c.
the reproductive theory
d.
Hooke's theory