Download genetics review sheet

GENETICS REVIEW SHEET
QUESTION
1. What is meiosis?
2. What are gametes?
3. How many cell divisions are there in meiosis?
4. How many sperm are made in meiosis?
5. How many eggs are made in meiosis?
6. How many chromosomes do your body cells have?
7. How many chromosomes do your sex cells have?
8. If a moth has 20 chromosomes in its body cells, how
many are in its sex cells?
9. What is Klinefelter Syndrome?
10. What is Down Syndrome?
11. What is Turner Syndrome?
12. On what chromosome number can you determine the
sex?
13. What is a karyotype?
14. What chromosomes make you a boy?
15. What chromosomes make you a girl?
16. How many strands make up DNA?
17. How many strands make up RNA?
18. What are the building blocks of DNA?
19. What is this building block made of?
20. If 40% of a DNA strand is make of A’s, what
percentage is made of G’s?
21. The A base always compliments which base?
22. The C base always compliments which base?
23. What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
24. Complete the complimentary DNA strand:
ACTCTGGCTTAACGTTAAGTACGATCGGA
25. Complete the mRNA strand and protein sentence:
TACTCTAAAGGGACGATTCGTACTTGA
ANSWER
mRNA
protein 
26. Restriction Enzyme BB reads GGCCTT and cuts
between the G’s:
ATCGGCCTTGCTTATCGGCCTTAAGCTTGGCCTT
a. How many fragments are there?
b. How many bases are there in each fragment?
27. What are the two steps in protein synthesis?
28. Where does the first step occur?
29. Where does the second step occur?
30. What happens in the first step?
31. What happens in the second step?
Punnett Square Practice
A group of students wanted to determine how the ability to taste PTC, a nontoxic chemical, is passed from one generation to the
next. The students decided to test families in their community for this ability. The students gave each family member a paper
strip coated with a small amount of PTC. Those who experienced the bitter taste of PTC when they touched the paper strips to
their tongues were called "tasters"; those who could not taste the PTC were called "nontasters." The results of the experiment
are shown in the table below.
1. Explain how two taster parents could produce a nontaster child?
2. Based on the data the students collected, the allele for tasting PTC
is most likely
a. Dominant
b. Heterozygous
c. Recessive
d. sex-linked
3. In humans, the allele for dimples (D) is dominant. The allele for not having dimples (d) is recessive. A woman (DD) and a
man (Dd) have four children. What is the predicted ratio of the children with dimples to the children without dimples?
4. In humans, the trait for having a second toe that is longer than the big toe (T) is dominant; the
trait for having a second toe that is shorter than the big toe (t) is recessive. The two traits are
shown in the figure. A family has eight children. Six children have second toes that are longer
than the big toe. Two children have second toes that are shorter than the big toe. What are the
most likely genotypes of the parents?
5. The allele for attached earlobes (e) is recessive to the allele for unattached earlobes (E). A woman with the genotype (Ee)
and a man with the genotype (ee) have a child. What is the probability that the child is heterozygous for attached earlobes?
6. In a species of fly, the allele for red eyes (R) is dominant to the allele for brown
eyes (r). Students crossed male and female flies that had red eyes and recorded the
eye color of their offspring. Their data are as shown below. What are the most likely
genotypes of the parent flies?
7. Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, carries oxygen. Abnormal hemoglobin cannot carry as
much oxygen as normal hemoglobin. The sequences below show section of the DNA sequence that
produce both the normal and abnormal type of hemoglobin.
Normal DNA Sequences:
Abnormal DNA Sequences:
SECTION OF GENE FOR HEMOGLOBIN
GGA
CTC
CTC
GGA
CAC
CTC
MESSENGER RNA CODON TABLE
CODON
GUG
CAC
CUC
ACU
CCU
GAG
AMINO ACID
Valine
Histidine
Leucine
Threonine
Proline
Glutamic Acid
Answer the following questions on your paper:
a. Write the Messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences that would be produced from the normal and
abnormal DNA sequences shown above.
b. Using the codon table, write the amino acid sequences produced for the normal and abnormal
hemoglobin.
c. Beginning with DNA, describe the process that form proteins such as hemoglobin. (HINT:
Protein Synthesis)