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Review Packet 1
Topic 2 Sample Multiple Choice
1.
In which of the following organelles is DNA found?
a. mitochondria
b. ribosome
c. Golgi body
d. secretory vesicles
2.
Which of the following substances requires the least amount of energy to cross through a
living biomembrane down a concentration gradient?
a. a tripeptide
b. a chloride ion
c. a glucose molecule
d. a hormone
3.
Which of the following two compounds can move both into and out of living cells?
a. ATP and glycogen
b. glucose and amino acids
c. glucose and glycogen
d. ATP and starch
The diagram below refers to questions 6 and 7. It concerns the movements of chromosomes
during the process of mitosis.
4.
Using the data above, metaphase finished at minute
a. 15
b. 20
c. 25
d. 30
5.
Using the data above, anaphase lasted
a. 20 minutes
b. 15 minutes
c. 10 minutes
d. 5 minutes
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6.
The diameter of the field of view seen through a light microscope with a magnification of
100x is 1440 µm (micrometres). What would be the diameter of the field of view with a
magnification of 400x?
a. 144 µm
b. 14400 µm
c. 5760 µm
d. 360 µm
7.
The phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is arranged
a. with the hydrophilic heads facing outward on each side
b. with the hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each other
c. with the hydrophilic heads facing outward on one layer and inwards on the other layer
d. in various ways depending on the cell
9.
Plant cells can maintain turgor because their cell walls contain
a. plasmodesmata
b. a middle lamella
c. Casparian strip
d. cellulose microfibrils
10.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum forms a continuous membrane with the
a. plasma membrane
b. Golgi apparatus
c. cytoplasm
d. nuclear envelope
11.
Cells in metaphase of mitosis can be recognized because they have
a. chromosomes on the equator of the cell
b. no nuclear membrane
c. chromatids moving to opposite ends of the cell
d. chiasmata
12.
Microscopic organisms do not need specialized gaseous exchange structures for oxygen
absorption because
a. they do not carry out aerobic respiration
b. they have a small surface area to mass ratio
c. oxygen consumption is determined by the mass of an organism and oxygen uptake by
the surface area of the organism
d. they are too small to be seen with the naked eye
14.
Mitochondria can be found in
a. animal cells only
b. animal and plant cells only
c. prokaryotes
d. prokaryotes and plant cells
15.
Cilia and flagella are made of
a. centrioles
b. membranes
c. ribosomes
d. microtubules
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16.
Ribosomes are found
a. only in eukaryotes
b. in prokaryotes
c. in viruses
d. in animal cells only
17.
Ribosomes function in
a. destruction of foreign materials
b. making rough endoplamic reticulum
c. manufacturing proteins
d. releasing hydrolytic enzymes
18.
Cellulose cell walls can be found
a. in plant cells and bacteria
b. in all eukaryotes
c. in prokaryotes
d. in plant cells
19.
The sap vacuole functions in
a. support
b. transport
c. protein synthesis
d. sugar synthesis
20.
A large number of lysosomes could be found in
a. epithelial cells
b. red blood cells
c. white blood cells
d. platelets
21.
A plasmid can be found in
a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. bacterial cells
d. plant cells
22.
Which of the following cell structures is surrounded by or made of a single membrane?
a. mitochondria
b. chloroplast
c. cell membrane
d. nuclear membrane
23.
What is the function of cisternae?
a. protein synthesis
b. protein packaging
c. modification of proteins into the final products
d. breakdown of proteins
24.
Lysosomes function in
a. digestion and respiration
b. feeding and defence
c. digestion and movement
d. feeding and respiration
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25.
DNA can be found in the eukaryotic cell in the
a. nucleus only
b. mitochondria only
c. Golgi complex
d. chloroplasts
26.
Ribosomes are not present in
a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes
c. mitocondria
d. golgi complex
27.
Centrioles are found in
a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes
c. animal cells
d. mitochondria
28.
Which of the following correctly describes the organelle shown in the table?
Organelle
a. Mitochondria
b. Chloroplasts
c. Golgi complex
d. Centrioles
Description
Surrounded by two
smooth membranes
Surrounded by outer
smooth and inner
folded membranes
A group of
membranes and
vesicles
Folded membranes
Function
Respiration
Where it is found
All types of cells
Photosynthesis
Eukaryotes only
Modification of
proteins
Eukaryotic cells only
Cell division
Animal cells only
29.
Starch grains can be found in
a. mitochondria
b. chloroplasts
c. Golgi complex
d. nucleus
30.
The largest number of mitochondria can be found in
a. sperm cell
b. red blood cell
c. white blood cell
d. epithelial cell
31.
Which is mainly responsible for maintaining the structure of a cell membrane?
a. water
b. phospholipids
c. triglycerides
d. proteins
33.
Scientists think that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes by
a. cytokinesis
b. endosymbiosis
c. exocytosis
d. cell division
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34.
The ribosomes in bacteria are
a. 70s
b. 80s
c. membrane bound
d. attached to the naked DNA
35.
In active transport, molecules pass through the following part of the cell membrane
a. protein channels
b. phospholipids bilayer
c. phosphate heads
d. cholesterol tails
36.
In the structure of the cell membrane, glycoproteins are
a. carbohydrate chains attached to membrane proteins
b. protein tails attached to phospholipids
c. carbohydrate tails attached to phospholipids
d. protein tails attached to cholesterol
Study the following diagram, then answer the questions
37.
Molecules represented by 1 could most probably be
a. sodium ions
b. potassium ions
c. proteins
d. water
38.
Arrow 2 can best represent
a. simple diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. pinocytosis
d. osmosis
39.
Arrow 3 can represent
a. simple diffusion
b. facilitated diffusion
c. active transport
d. osmosis
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The following shows cells from an onion root tip under the light microscope undergoing mitosis.
Study the diagram, then answer the questions
40.
Arrow 1 is pointing at a cell in
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
41.
Arrow 2 is pointing at
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
42.
Arrow 3 is pointing at
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
43.
Arrow 4 is pointing at
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
44.
In the above cell, if the cell cycle takes 9 hours in onion root tips, then the length of time
spent in interphase can be calculated as
a. 2.3 hours
b. 2.3 minutes
c. 6.2 hours
d. 5.1 hours
Onion root tips were observed under the light microscope. The following table shows the number
of cells in each stage of mitosis. Carry out the appropriate calculations to fill in the spaces in the
table below. The time taken for a whole cell cycle is 8 hours. Use this information to answer the
following questions
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45. Which stage is the longest
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
46. Which stage is the shortest
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
47. The percentage of cells in anaphase is about
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
48. The length of time spent in anaphase is about
a. 13 minutes
b. 1 hour
c. 1.3 hours
d. 3.2 hours
49. The length of time spent in prophase is about
a. 32 minutes
b. 1.4 hours
c. 2 hours
d. 2.5 hours
50. The percentage of cells in metaphase is
a. 5.6
b. 6.8
c. 9.4
d. 10.3
51. The time (hours) spent in interphase is
a. 2.3
b. 3.8
c. 6.4
d. 7.2
52. Which processes occur during interphase?
I.
DNA replication
II.
DNA transcription
III.
Separation of replicated DNA molecules
a.
I and II only
b.
I and III only
c.
II and III only
d.
I, II, and III
53.
Which of the following is a feature of exocytosis but NOT endocytosis?
a. lipid bilayer fusion
b. vesicle formation
c. lipid bilayer adhesion
d. secretion
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54.
A cell in a photomicrograph is 10 cm in diameter. The scale of magnification of
the photomicrograph is x 4000. What is the actual size of the cell?
a. 2500 mm
b. 2.5 mm
c. 250 μm
d. 25 μm
55.
Which metabolic activities are shown by the prokaryotes?
√ = yes
x = no
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fermentation
√
x
√
x
Photosynthesis
x
√
√
x
Nitrogen fixation
x
x
√
√
56.
What is the correct order of increasing size for the following biological structures?
I. The diameter of a virus
II. The diameter of a bacterium
III.The thickness of a cell surface membrane
IV.The diameter of a eukaryotic cell
a. I < III < II < IV
b. I < III < IV < II
c. III < I < II < IV
d. III < II < I < IV
57.
What structure is only found in plant cells?
a. mitochondrion
b. cell membrane
c. chloroplast
d. golgi apparatus
58.
Which process occurs during interphase of the cell cycle?
a. duplication of chromosomes
b. separation of chromatids
c. condensation of chromatin
d. migration of centrioles
59.
What is essential for diffusion?
a. a concentration gradient
b. a selectively permeable membrane
c. a source of energy
d. a protein
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60.
In the diagram below, macromolecules are being transported to the exterior of a
cell.
What is the name of this process?
a. exocytosis
b. pinocytosis
c. endocytosis
d. phagocytosis
The following diagram of a prokaryote refers to questions 61 and 62.
61.
What is the function of structure II?
a. passing of hereditary information to offspring
b. movement of the organism
c. regulation of the entry and exit of materials
d. production of proteins
62.
Which structures are found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
a. I and II only
b. II and IV only
c. II and V only
d. III and V only
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Topic 2 Sample DBQs and Essay Questions
1.
Question 11 (M97/410/S(3))
(b)
Explain how viruses could
(i)
be used in genetic engineering (4 marks)
2.
Question 12 (M97/410/S(3))
(a)
Describe, using a diagram, the structure of a prokaryotic cell.
(b)
3.
Yeast has heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells. Predict differences in structure
between yeast cells and prokaryotic cells.
(7 marks)
Question 2 (M97/410/H(3))
(a)
Describe briefly what is meant by the ‘Cell Theory’.
Describe, with diagrams, the main differences between eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells.
(9 marks)
(c)
Discuss the way in which:
(i)
living cells may have developed from inorganic material (5 marks)
7.
Human cells are adapted for different functions. Describe the adaptations found
in the following
(i)
human sperm
(6 marks)
(ii)
epithelium (mucosa) cells on the surface of the small intestine (3 marks)
(iii)
B lymphocytes
(4 marks)
Question 1 (M96/410/S(3))
(a)
Describe the structure of a cell membrane (plasma membrane). Use one or
more diagrams to illustrate you answer.
(7 marks)
(b)
6.
eukaryotes may have developed from prokaryotes (3 marks)
Question 4 (N97/410/H(3))
(a)
Draw a diagram to show the structure of a generalized animal cell and label the
organelles found in the cytoplasm.
(7 marks)
(b)
5.
(3 marks)
(b)
(ii)
4.
(8 marks)
Many different materials such as ions, water, gases and more complex
molecules can be absorbed into cells. Explain the processes involved in the
absorption of materials into cells.
(13 marks)
Question 11 (M96/410/S(3))
(a) Draw diagrams to show the structure of a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic animal cell.
(12 marks)
Question 1 (M96/410/H(3))
(a)
Describe the differences between cell membranes and plant cell walls. Include
details of both structure and function in your answer.
(9 marks)
(b)
Suggest five advantages and/or disadvantages to plants of having cell walls as
well as cell membranes.
(5 marks)
(c)
Explain the activity of contractile vacuoles in cells.
(6 marks)
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8.
Question 2 (N96/410/S(3))
The nucleus is the site for key events in the division of eukaryotic cells.
(a)
Draw a diagram of a nucleus during interphase labeling as many features of the
ultrastructure as you can.
(5 marks)
(b)
Draw a diagram of an animal cell during Anaphase of mitosis and another
diagram of an animal cell during Anaphase I of meiosis labeling as many
structures as you can. (Assume that the animal cell has four chromosomes at
the start of mitosis).
(13 marks)
(c)
9.
10.
11.
State two differences between Anaphase I and Anaphase II of meiosis.
(2 marks)
Question 13 (N96/410/H(3))
The movement of dissolved solutes across a cell membrane is one of the most important
activities of a cell. Two types of movement across the membrane are active transport
and facilitated diffusion.
(a)
Make a list of the similarities and a list of the differences between ‘active
transport’ and ‘facilitated diffusion’.
(8 marks)
(b)
Explain how nerve impulses in animals depend both on active transport and
facilitated diffusion.
(6 marks)
(c)
Explain how translocation in plants depends both on active transport and
facilitated diffusion.
(4 marks)
(d)
Name two substances found in the kidney, one moved by active transport and
the other by facilitated diffusion.
(2 marks)
Question 12 (N96/410/H(3))
Living organisms are clearly separated into prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(a)
Describe the major contributions of Schleiden and Schwann to our
understanding of the structure of organisms.
(3 marks)
(b)
Describe the structure and function of the plant cell wall. (7 marks)
(c)
Discuss the similarities between plant cell chloroplasts and prokaryotic
cells.
(4 marks)
(d)
Describe the differences in structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells.
(6 marks)
Ques 2 (N02/H(2))
According to cell theory all cells arise from pre-existing cells. The following diagram
shows the cell cycle of a eukaryotic (body) cell of a diploid organism.
B
A
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Define the term diploid.
[1]
Identify the parts of the cell cycle labeled A and B.
[1]
State three activities that occur during part A of the cell cycle. [3]
Outline the differences in cytokinesis in animal and plant cells. [2]
Explain the significance of complementary base pairing in relation to the cell cycle. [3]
12.
Ques 2 (N02/S(2))
a. Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis [1]
b. Explain how the properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of the cell
surface membrane.
[2]
c. State the composition and the function of the plant cell wall.
[2]
13.
Ques 7 (N03/H(2))
a. Draw a diagram of a plasma membrane. [5]
b. Describe the significance of polar and non-polar amino acids. [5]
c. Explain the role of vesicles in transportation of materials within cells. [8]
14.
Ques 5 (N03/H(2))
a. Draw diagrams to show the four stages of mitosis in an animal cell with four
chromosomes. [5]
15.
Ques 2 (M04/H(2))
a. Explain how the surface area to volume ratio influences cell sizes. [3]
b. State one function for each of the following organelles. [3]
i. ribosomes
ii. rough endoplasmic reticulum
iii.Golgi apparatus
c. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to three different features. [3]
16.
Ques 2 (M04/S(2))
a. Label the following electron micrograph of a prokaryotic cell. [2]
b. Calculate the magnification of the prokaryotic cell. [1]
17.
Ques 7 (M04/S(2))
a. State one function of each of the following organelles. [5]
 Lysosome
 Golgi apparatus
 Rough endoplasmic reticulum
 Nucleus
 Mitochondrion
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18.
Ques 2 (M04/S(2))
a. An organelle is a discrete structure within a cell with a specific function. In the table
below, identify the missing organelles and outline the missing functions. [4]
Name of organelle
Nucleus
Ribosome
Structure of organelle
Region of the cell containing
chromosomes, surrounded by
a double membrane, in which
there are pores.
Small spherical structures,
consisting of two subunits.
Function of organelle
Storage and protection of
chromosomes
Spherical organelles,
surrounded by a single
membrane and containing
hydrolytic enzymes.
Organelles surrounded by two
membranes, the inner of which
is folded inwards.
Digestion of structures that are
not needed within cells.
b. The table above shows some of the organelles found in a particular cell. Discuss
what type of cell this could be. [2]
19.
Ques 2 (M05/TZ#1/H(2))
The diagram below shows the structure of a cell.
a.
b.
c.
d.
State the names of I and II [2]
Calculate the actual length of the cell, showing your working. [2]
State the function of the structure labeled III. [1]
Deduce which type of cell is shown in the diagram, giving reasons for your answer. [2]
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20.
14
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