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Week 18 DCA review
Mutations
Original DNA
TACAAGCTGTTTACT
Mutation 1
Mutation 3
Mutation 2
TACAAGCTGTTCACT
TACAAGCTATTTACT
TACAGCTGTTTACT
1. Using the codon chart above, describe what effects would result from each of the
mutations above and how the protein will be impacted.
a. Mutation 1 –
b. Mutation 2 –
c. Mutation 3 –
2. A nucleotide is made up of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen
base. When DNA mutations occur that affect protein synthesis (translation), which
part of the nucleotide is being changed?
3.
Can an organism pass on a mutation to its offspring? If yes, explain how this is possible,
4. A change in a single base pair in DNA is least likely to be observed if the change occurs in
A) A dominant expressed trait or B) a unexpressed recessive trait
Genetics
Set 1 – AABBCC x aaBBCc
Set 2 – aaBbCC x aaBBcc
1. Which set of parents above could produce a child with the genotype aaBBCc?
2. Mr. and Mrs. Carlyle have four children. Their daughter Sandra has Type A blood
while her sister Amelia has Type B blood. Their first son Sean has Type O blood
and their youngest child has Type AB blood. Based on this information, what are
the genotypes of the parents? Show the possible alleles for blood type as well as
a Punnett square for this problem.
Trait
Height
Pod color
Flower position
Pea Plant Traits
Dominant
Allele
Tall (T)
Green (G)
Axial (A)
Recessive
Allele
Short (t)
Yellow (g)
Terminal (a)
3. Write the genotype of a plant that is –
a. Heterozygous for height and flower position b. Homozygous recessive for pod color and heterozygous for flower position c. Determine the possible gametes of an individual that has the genotype
TtGg.
4. Show a cross between two individuals that are both homozygous for height and
for flower position with a short, terminal flower plant.
5. Use the human karyotype above to answer the following questions.
a. How many homologous pairs of chromosomes do humans possess?
b. Is this individual a male or a female?
c. Does this person have a genetic disorder? If so, which one.
6. How are kayotypes used by genetic counselors?
7. Siblings are given up for adoption at birth and raised separately from one another
for twenty-five years. When they meet for the first time, they realize that
although they share the some of the same DNA with each other but there are
some differences in the way the proteins are expressed. Explain how this could be
true.
8. If a person possess a gene for cancer, does that mean the person will definitely develop this
type of cancer?
9. What factors can affect gene expression? Give an example
10. Some traits are controlled by more than one gene. If gene A that controls gene
B is not active, will gene B be expressed?
Sex-linked Inheritance
11. Eye color in Drosophila is a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome. The gene for red
eyes is dominant over the gene for white eyes. Draw a punnett square showing the cross
between a heterozygous red eyed female with a white-eyed male.
12. Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome. Show the cross between a
colorblind male and a carrier female. What is the possibility of their children having
colorblindness?
Blood Types
13. Mrs. Doe had blood type AB and Mr. Doe has blood type A. What is the probability that they
will have a child with blood type A if both of Mr. Doe’s parents were type AB?
14. If two parents that carry the sickle cell trait marry, what is the chance they will have a child
with sickle cell disease?
15. If aabbcc is crossed with AABBCC, what would be the genotype of the offspring?
16.Why are the males in the pedigree for red-green colorblindness not carriers of this
disease?
Classification
1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
2. Which two kingdoms are reserved for prokaryotes? What characteristic separates
prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
3. Define autotroph and heterotroph. Which kingdoms contain only heterotrophs?
4. An organism has cells with cell walls, is multicellular, and is a heterotroph. Which
of the characteristics above would allow you to decide if the organism was a plant
or a fungus?
5. Which kingdom shows the most diversity? Does this diversity make it harder or
easier to identify members of this kingdom? Explain your reasoning.
6. Classification uses 7 taxons. List the seven taxons in order from most general to
most specific.
7. Identify which pair is most closely related
a. Two organisms that are in the same family
b. Two organisms that are in the same order
c. Two organisms that are in the same class
8. Binomial nomenclature is a two word naming system. What information about an
organism can the name tell you?
9. Which two organisms below are the most closely related. How do you know?
a. Felis concolor
b. Felis domesticus
c. Canis familiaris
d. Panthera tigris
10. Based on the diagrams below, the organisms are unicellular/multicellular and
most likely belongs to the kingdom Eubacteria/Protista/Animalia. Circle correct
response. What does each organism use to move?