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AIMS Vocabulary Review 2012-2013 Unit 1 – Mendel to Microscope heredity Genetics gene - passing of traits from parent to offspring - scientific study of heredity - location on a chromosome containing genetic instructions dominant - trait that tends to show up most often in a population recessive - form of trait that tends to recede or hide BB - write an example of a homozygous genotype Dd - write an example of a heterozygous genotype Growth & Repair and Reproduction - two types of cell division chromosome - made of DNA; contains genes DNA - chemical from which genes are made nucleus - contains the chromosomes; “brains” of the cell Unit 2 – Human Genetics allele phenotype genotype trait - form of a gene (dominant and recessive) - physical appearance of a gene - two letters that represent a gene pair - examples of this are blue eyes or brown hair Unit 3 - Adaptations competition - organisms fight for limited resources symbiosis - a relationship where at least one organism benefits adaptation - physical characteristic or behavior that helps survival mutation - a change in a gene parasitism - one organism benefits; one is harmed mutualism - both organisms benefit in this relationship commensalism - one organism is helped; the other is not affected natural selection- process of changes to organisms over time migration - movement for a purpose dormancy - plants do this to conserve energy hibernation - animals do this to survive harsh winters estivation - animals do this to survive harsh summers Unit 4 – Forces and Motion force rate speed velocity motion - a push or a pull - change in a variable per unit time - equals distance divided by time - speed plus direction - change in position compared to a fixed point Unit 5 – Newton’s Laws inertia net force mass weight - resistance to change in motion - combination of all forces on an object - measurement of the amount of matter - measurement of the force of gravity on an object acceleration - increase or decrease in velocity action - a force exerted on an object reaction - equal and opposite force produced Unit 6 – Classification of Matter period group atom element compound mixture heterogeneous homogeneous periodic Chemistry - row on the periodic table - column on the periodic table - smallest particle of matter - simplest form of matter - 2 or more elements chemically combined - 2 or more substances physically combined - mixture with individual parts visible - mixture that looks the same throughout - happens at a regular intervals - the study of matter Unit 7 – Properties of Matter solution - mixture where solute is completely dissolved states of matter - solid, liquid, gas solid - definite volume and shape liquid - definite volume, changeable shape gas - changeable volume and shape solubility - ability of a substance to dissolve in another soluble - able to dissolve insoluble - NOT able to dissolve acid - pH less than 7, orange juice is an example base - pH greater than 7, baking soda is an example neutral - pH = 7, pure water is an example oxidation - chemical reaction with oxygen precipitate - new solid created from two reacting liquids melting point - temperature causing solid to change to liquid boiling point - temperature causing liquid to change to gas