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Transcript
Genetics and probability Science of Heredity Heredity Chemical instructions passed from parent to offspring at fertilization (one time only) Chemical instructions are chromosomes, genes, and DNA Genotype Phenotype Observable traits Variation (differences) among species members Sexual reproduction, Gene Recombination, Crossing over, etc. Genotypes A gene picture for a trait Alphabet used to symbolize gene picture Examples Dominant gene is symbolized in upper case most abundant variation in a population • RR – dominant trait shown Recessive gene is symbolized in lower case Can be hidden if with a dominant gene • rr – recessive trait shown Phenotypes The physical appearance for a trait What is visible Examples - Mendel’s Peas Dominant gene is a smooth pea most abundant variation in a population Recessive gene is a wrinkled pea Can be hidden if with a dominant gene Probability: The science of chance Not an exact science, but will predict the chances that an event may or should occur Expressed as a fraction: ½, ¾, etc. Read as 1 chance out of 2 chances Probability Laws Probability Law #1 The more data that is observed means that the percent deviation will get smaller and the validity or reliability of the data will get better Probablity Law #2 The results of one trial of a chance event does not affect the results of later trials of the same event Probablity Law #3 The chance that two independent events will occur together is the multiplication product of their chances of occurring separately
