Download Higher Biology - Unit 1 Cell Biology

S4 Biology - Unit 2 Multicellular organisms
Variation and inheritance
State that variation is the differences between members of the same species.
Explain what discrete variation is and give two examples.
Explain what continuous variation is and give two examples.
Give the meaning of the term polygenic trait.
Give an example of a polygenic trait.
Give the meaning of the term single gene trait.
Give an example of a single gene trait.
State that polygenic traits show continuous variation and single gene traits show
discrete variation.
Explain what is meant by the term dominant.
Explain what is meant by the term recessive.
State that the different forms of a gene are called alleles.
Give the meaning of the term phenotype.
Give the meaning of the term genotype.
Assign a genotype to an organism.
Give the meaning of the term homozygous.
Give the meaning of the term heterozygous.
Set-up and work through a monohybrid cross.
Explain what a pedigree chart is.
Identify the phenotype and genotype of individuals using a pedigree chart.
Explain what a carrier is.
Explain what genetic counselling is.
Describe a situation when a couple may need genetic counselling.
The need for transport
Describe the role of blood in animals.
Give the function of red blood cells.
Explain how a red blood cell is suited to preforming its function.
Name the substance found in red blood cells which allows it to carry out its function.
The need for transport continued
Describe the structure and function of arteries.
Describe the structure and function of veins.
Describe the structure and function of capillaries.
Identify and name the chambers of the heart.
Identify and name the blood vessels leading into and out of the heart.
Describe where the four major blood vessels of the body carry blood from and to.
Describe the role of the coronary arteries.
Describe the structures air passes through to enter the lungs.
Explain the role of cartilage in the breathing system.
Explain the role of mucus and cilia in the breathing system.
State that gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.
Explain how the alveoli allow efficient gas exchange.
Identify and name the organs of the digestive system.
State that food moves along the digestive system by peristalsis.
Describe the process of peristalsis.
Describe the structure and function of a villus.
State that the lacteal absorbs the products of fat digestion and the blood capillaries
absorb glucose and amino acids.
Explain how the villi allow efficient absorption of food molecules.
Explain why plants need water.
Describe how water enters a plant.
Explain how a root hair cell structure is related to its function.
Describe the structure and function of xylem.
State that xylem contains lignin.
State that stomata are pores found on the surface of leaves.
Describe the role of guard cells.
Identify and describe the functions of epidermal, palisade mesophyll and spongy
mesophyll cells.
Explain what is meant by the term transpiration.
Name a factor which can affect the transpiration rate.
Describe the structure and function of phloem.
Plants
Explain what germination is.
Name the three factor seeds require to germinate.
Name two types of asexual reproduction in plants.
Describe how to take a cutting from a plant.
Describe the role of fertilisers in maintaining plants.
Name a pest and a disease which can affect a plant.
Describe how we can control plant pests and diseases.
Name and describe two types of protected cultivation of plants.
Describe the processes of pricking out, potting on and dead heading.
Name three plants and give a product which is made from each.
Growth and development
Explain what is meant by the term germination.
Describe the factors which seeds require to germinate.
Describe the effects of two drugs or chemicals on fetal development.
Compare and contrast the lifecycles of two different organisms.
Effects of lifestyle choices on animal transport and exchange systems
Name two types of food which should be avoided for a healthy lifestyle.
Describe the consequences of an unhealthy diet.
Explain why high blood pressure is dangerous.
Explain why it is important to avoid smoking and excessive drinking.
Name the condition caused by a lack of iron in the diet.
Describe the consequences of lack of exercise.
Describe the causes and treatment of heart disease.
Give two ways by which heart disease can be prevented.
National 4 only
National 4 and National 5
National 5 only