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Transcript
THE CELL IN ITS ENVIRONMENT POWER POINT NOTES Key Terms • Some substances can pass through the membrane while others cannot. • In diffusion, molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane is osmosis. • The movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy is passive transport. • The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy is called active transport. Introduction • Cells have structures that protect their contents from the world outside. • All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that separates the cell from the outside environment. • The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which lets some things enter and leave the cell. • Name 3 substances that enter and exit a cell through either passive or active transport. oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, sugar, salt, potassium, waste materials, food particles What is Diffusion? • The process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • The main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane. What is Osmosis? • The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. • Many cellular processes depend on osmosis because cells cannot function properly without adequate water. How is Osmosis related to Diffusion? • Water molecules move by diffusion from an area where they are highly concentrated through the cell membrane to an area where they are less concentrated. Effects of Osmosis on Cells • Cells placed in distilled water will swell and can possibly burst. • Cells placed in a concentrated salt solution will shrink and shrivel. What is Passive Transport? • The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. • Diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport. What is Active Transport? • The movement of materials through a cell membrane using the cell’s energy. • Give two reasons why active transport may occur instead of passive transport (diffusion/osmosis). substance are too large to fit naturally through the cell membrane substances are going against the concentration gradient Methods Active Transport • List 3 ways a cell uses active transport to move molecules/substances between the cell and its environment. transport proteins “pick up” engulfing “Transport” is like Riding a Bike? Passive Transport is like riding a bike down a hill. Active transport is like riding a bike up a hill. Why are Cells Small? • The smaller they are the easier it is for them to do their job.