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Presentation Notes for Brain Power Slide 1 Brain Power Counseling and Mental Health It is all in your head!! The brain is the center of what we think, feel, and do. Along with the nervous system, it plays a vital role in being mentally healthy. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 2 TEA COPYRIGHT Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. These Materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: 1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from TEA. 2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only, without obtaining written permission of TEA. 3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way. 4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or noneducational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty. For information contact: Office of Copyrights, Trademarks, License Agreements, and Royalties, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512-463-7004; email: [email protected]. 2 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 3 What do you already know? 3 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 4 Did You Know… There over a billion nerve cells in the human body. Nerves can carry signals at 100 meters per second. 4 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Here are some interesting facts about the nervous system. There are many others at various websites. There are over a billion nerve cells in the human body— the number is more than the stars in the Milky Way. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Did You Know… If all your neurons were lined up, they would form a 600 mile long line. Neurons are the largest cell in the body; they do not undergo the process of mitosis. 5 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Here are some interesting facts about the nervous system. There are many others at various websites. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Nervous System The nervous system controls: Emotions Movements Thinking Behavior http://www.life-in-spite-of-ms.com 6 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. The Central Nervous System controls reflex functions and is a path to the brain. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Nervous System Is divided into 2 parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal cord http://www.life-in-spite-of-ms.com 7 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. The Central Nervous System controls reflex functions and is a path to the brain. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Smaller branches of the nerves Vertebrae and membranes protect the spinal cord 8 Microsoft ClipArt Skull and membranes protect the brain Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. The Peripheral Nervous System controls most voluntary movements. Examples would be raising your arm, scratching, etc. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Neurons Messages travel through these cells to and from the brain. Cell Body: contains the nucleus and produces energy Dendrites: receives impulses from other neurons Axon: carries impulses away from the body toward the dendrites of the next neuron Microsoft ClipArt 9 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Students could draw and label parts of neurons. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Parts continued… Myelin sheath: protects axons and speeds transmissions of impulses Synapse: is the space between the nerve cells Microsoft ClipArt 10 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Neurotransmitters: chemicals released by the neurons ExamplesDopamine: motivation/positive stress Glutamate: learning/memory Serotonin: regulates sleep, mood 11 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. This is the medium by which nerve signals travel. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 12 The Brain Did You Know… The brain weighs about 3 pounds. The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and the left side controls the right side of the body. 12 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Here are some interesting facts about the brain. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 13 The Brain Did You Know… The brain is made up of 75% water. There are no pain receptors in the brain, therefore it can not feel pain. The human brain is the fattest organ in the body. It is about 60% fat. 13 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Here are more nteresting facts about the brain. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Brain Anatomy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /File:BrainLobesLabelled.jpg The human brain is comprised of 3 parts: Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain 14 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Students could make a diagram of the brain and label as the various slides are presented. Students could use the Personal Word Wall for vocabulary words. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Brain Anatomy - Hindbrain Comprised of 3 parts: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /File:BrainLobesLabelled.jpg The Hindbrain is located at base of skull and consists of: Cerebellum: posture, balance, voluntary movement Medulla: breathing, heart rate, reflexes Pons: bridge between the spinal cord and the brain 15 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Students could make a diagram of the brain and label as the various slides are presented. Students could use the Personal Word Wall for vocabulary words. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Brain Anatomy – Hindbrain Microsoft ClipArt known as the brain stem 16 Copyright Texas Education Agency. 2012. All rights reserved. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Brain Anatomy - Midbrain The Midbrain integrates sensory information. Examples: Handles all sensory information that passes between the spinal cord and the forebrain. It is also involved in body movement in relation to auditory and visual signals. Located just above the hind brain. 17 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. The forebrain covers the brain’s central core. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Microsoft ClipArt Brain Anatomy - Midbrain 18 Copyright Texas Education Agency. 2012. All rights reserved. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Brain Anatomy - Forebrain The Forebrain contains Thalamus: relay station for all sensory information except smell. Hypothalamus: controls hunger, thirst, sexual behavior Hippocampus: important in forming memories Amygdala: involved in memory and emotions 19 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. The forebrain covers the brain’s central core. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Brain Anatomy - Forebrain Cerebrum: the largest and most developed part of brain. Responsible for intelligence, personality, thinking The cerebral cortex is a gray tissue that covers the cerebrum Microsoft ClipArt 20 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. The cerebral cortex is the top layer of the cerebrum. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 21 Brain Anatomy - Forebrain The cerebral is divided into two hemispheres which contain the… Occipital lobe: for vision Parietal lobe: handles information from the senses Temporal lobe: hearing, memory, emotion, speaking Frontal lobe: organization, planning, creative thinking 21 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 22 Cerebrum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraparietal_sulcus 22 Copyright Texas Education Agency. 2012. All rights reserved. Share with students that they will have an opportunity to make a brain and label it similar to this one. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Microsoft ClipArt Brain Anatomy - Forebrain 23 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Share with students that they will have an opportunity to make a brain and label it similar to this one. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Famous Head Injury Case: Phineas Gage People described him as a nice man. In 1848 he worked for the railroad and an explosion occurred that propelled a metal rod through his cheek and into his skull. 24 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Doctors were able to study his personality change and contributed the change to his brain injury. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Famous Head Injury Case: Phineas Gage He survived, but his personality changed. He was angry and belligerent. This was the first brain injury case to suggest a link between brain trauma and personality change. 25 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Students could do further research into this case. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 26 References and Resources Images Nervous System. Digital image. Life in Spite of MS. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <: http://www.life-inspite-of-ms.com/multiplesclerosispictures.html>. Camazine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BrainLobesLabelled.jpg. N.p., 10 Oct. 2008. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. "Intraparietal Sulcus." Wikipedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraparietal_sulcus "Various Images." Microsoft Office on Line. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. http://office.microsoft.com/enus/images/??Origin=EC790014051033&CTT=6&ver=12&app=powerpnt.exe . 26 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved. Slide 27 Textbooks Kasschau, R.A. (2002) Understanding Psychology. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub. Co. Websites KidsHealth #1 most-trusted source for physician-reviewed information and advice on children's health and parenting issues. For parents, kids, teens www.kidshealth.org Brain Facts Learn the basics of how the brain’s 100 billion nerve cells are born, grow, connect, and function. Neuroanatomy; Cell Communication; Brain Development. www.brainfacts.org 27 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Brain Power Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.