* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Flow of Matter_04_Sample Quiz Questions_Key
Survey
Document related concepts
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Protein phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Protein (nutrient) wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name: _____________________KEY_________________ Date: __________________ Am I Really What I Eat? ______________________________________________________________________________ Using your model of how matter flows from our food cells to our own cells, answer the following questions: Breakout session #2 Question #1: Athletes preparing for a competition will often “carbo load” or eat a meal high in carbohydrates the night before. If glycogen is an important source of energy in our muscles, explain in words and well-labeled diagrams below how matter is transformed from a potato to our muscle cells to generate this macromolecule. 1) Make sure you include the following words in your explanation: Check off each term as you use it potato cells amyloplasts starch polymer digestion hydrolysis covalent bonds monosaccharides monomers absorption animal cells dehydration reaction glycogen 2) Make sure you also include at least one observation from our Cell Diversity Lab (Lab 02) as evidence to support your explanation. [Draw a picture of a potato cell as we saw under the microscope in our Cell Diversity Lab; Label the cell wall and the amyloplasts containing starch.] Amyloplasts filled with starch stained Potato with Lugol’s Under the microscope Cell wall Potato cell Starch is a carbohydrate and is a long polymer of many monomers called monosaccharides linked together by covalent bonds. During digestion inside our bodies the covalent bonds that hold the monosaccharides together in the starch polymer are broken down during a chemical reaction called hydrolysis. This allows the monosaccharide monomers to be absorbed in our intestines and delivered to our cells (as humans we are made of animal cells) through our circulation. Inside the animal cells of our body the monosaccharides are used as building blocks in a series of chemical reactions called dehydration reactions that link the monosaccharides into long branched chains called glycogen. REVISIONS: Breakout session #3 Question #2: Vegetarians can get the protein that their body needs by making sure they eat enough foods that are high in protein, like beans, nuts, and whole grains. As you did in Question #1, explain in words and well-labeled diagrams below how a plant’s proteins are transformed from its cells (use a typical plant cell in your answer) into human proteins in your cells (use a typical animal cell). 1) Make sure you include the following words in your explanation: Check off each term as you use it plant cell example of a cellular structure in a plant cell where you would find protein polymer digestion stomach acid hydrogen bonds hydrolysis covalent bonds amino acids monomers absorption animal cell the cellular structure that is responsible for protein synthesis dehydration reaction protein Beans, nuts, and whole grains are products from plants that consist of plant cells. Inside the plant cells are many cellular structures that contain protein, such as [see a list of some examples below that you could pick for your answer: Ribosomes – made of protein and RNA! Mitochondria – contain enzymes made of protein that harvest energy from our food Cell membranes (the plasma membrane and any organelle that is surrounded by a membrane) – contain proteins embedded in the membrane that allow the membrane to regulate traffic in and out of the cell or organelle Nucleus – in addition to containing DNA, the nucleus contains many proteins that help regulate gene expression Cytoskeleton – made of many proteins linked together Central vacuole – stores proteins (and other nutrients) in seed cells Add your favorite cellular structure here – it probably has some protein in it!] A protein is a polymer of many monomers called amino acids that are linked together by covalent bonds. The structure of a protein is held together by hydrogen bonds between the amino acids in the polymer (remember primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure). During digestion, our stomach acid (pH 2) disrupts these hydrogen bonds causing the protein to denature (unfold and lose its structure). This allows enzymes in our digestive tract to break the covalent bonds between the amino acids in a chemical reaction called hydrolysis. The amino acids, now as monomers, are absorbed in the small intestine and transported through our circulation to the cells in our body (since we are human, we are made of animal cells). Once inside the animal cells the amino acids can be used by our ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis, to link them together by a chemical reaction called a dehydration reaction back into specific human proteins. REVISIONS: