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Immune System Mr. Bombick 7th Grade Science Immune System Definition • Immune system protects the body from harmful viruses and organisms (bacteria to parasites). • Immune system protects the body from foreign matter from molecules to microscopic and macroscopic materials. Initial Lines of Defense • Not true immune responses • Skin acts as a protective barrier to foreign materials • Respiratory tract clears foreign materials with nasal filtration and mucociliary movement helped by sneezing and coughing • Digestive tract starts to kill foreign organisms with saliva and stomach acid. Second Line of Defense • White blood cells attack foreign organisms and bacteria • Inflammatory response results as a way of “recruiting” more white blood cells • Interferon is a substance that is released by some immune cells that prevent some viruses from replicating Third Line of Defense • Antibody production by immune cells • Antibodies are made in response to an antigen (foreign proteins) found on a foreign substance or invading organism • T (from thymus) and B (from bone marrow) cells involved in antibody production • Certain T cells activate some B cells to produce antibodies • Combination of the antibody and antigen begins various cellular processes to destroy the source of the antigen Immunity • Immunity is the bodies resistance to a disease causing organism or a harmful substance • The two basic types of immunity are active immunity and passive immunity Active Immunity • Results when antibody production occurs in the same individual exposed to an antigen • Vaccination is an example of active immunity • Memory B cells can react to the specific antigen years after the vaccination (the memory B cells can initiate the production of a large amount of antibodies in a short period of time Immune Disorders • Allergies are the result of antibodies formed in response to various allergens (dust, feathers, fur, pollen, or types of foods) • Histamine is produced in the allergic response (antihistamines help alleviate some of the symptoms) • Severe allergic responses can result in anaphylactic shock Immune Disorders (cont.) • AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) occurs in some individuals exposed to HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) • In these individuals the virus attacks a type of T cell that results in decreased immune function • Decreased immune function eventually leads to death