Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Immunity Part 3 Immunotherapy, or how to fool your immune system into protecting you! Active Immunity • This is what you have when your Bmemory and T-memory cells are waiting to encounter the same antigen again. • You can cause this to happen by putting an antigen that will not cause harm into the body by vaccination Immunization • Uses vaccines that have either the traditional “dead” pathogen or can now be made using a variety of biotechnological means. • You can look for the presence of antibodies to determine if someone is protected against a specific disease • Many vaccinations need two exposures to work, some may need more Passive Immunity • When someone is sick, they can be given antibodies to boost the work their immune system is doing. (immunoglobulin) • This is how breast milk protects babies during the first few months of life • However, it does not last Allergies • Caused by an overactive immune system • Can be mild to deadly (anaphylactic shock) • IgE antibodies stick on the membranes of basophils in blood and mast cell in tissue • When an allergen (antigen) attaches to IgE antibodies on mast cell, they release histamine and other chemicals • Histamine caused mucus secretions and airway constrictions • If the other chemicals get into the blood stream, the capillary permeability increases and that can lead to fluid loss and shock (or death) • Fig. 13.12 Immunosuppression • After transplant killer T cells lyse the transplanted cells just as they would a bacterium • Drugs can be given to suppress the rejection but it does increase the transplant’s chances of other infections Autoimmune Diseases • When killer T cells attach body cells • Depending on which cells are attached (Honors – know the list on pg 267 both disease and symptoms)