bacteriophages
... occur at a significant rate. Following this dilution there is, in general, no detectable reversal of the inactivation process; the titer of surviving phage does not increase. Apparently, dissociation of the phage-antibody complex does not occur at a measurable rate CBurnet, Keogh, and Lush, 1937; He ...
... occur at a significant rate. Following this dilution there is, in general, no detectable reversal of the inactivation process; the titer of surviving phage does not increase. Apparently, dissociation of the phage-antibody complex does not occur at a measurable rate CBurnet, Keogh, and Lush, 1937; He ...
The Role of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in
... a unique, infinitesimally small population that has an “immunologic blindspot” for Acanthamoeba antigens. A recent serological survey indicates that not only do Acanthamoeba patients possess anti-Acanthamoeba antibodies in their serum, but their overall antibody titers are significantly higher than ...
... a unique, infinitesimally small population that has an “immunologic blindspot” for Acanthamoeba antigens. A recent serological survey indicates that not only do Acanthamoeba patients possess anti-Acanthamoeba antibodies in their serum, but their overall antibody titers are significantly higher than ...
Commins, et al, JACI, 2014
... IgG2 is common in antibody responses to sugars and may be T-independent ...
... IgG2 is common in antibody responses to sugars and may be T-independent ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... identification of trophozoites deep within the tissues and containing ingested red blood cells enables a definitive diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis due to E. histolytica to be made; unfortunately normal haematoxylin and eosin staining is not ideal for these parasites. Periodic acidSchiff (PAS) or d ...
... identification of trophozoites deep within the tissues and containing ingested red blood cells enables a definitive diagnosis of invasive amoebiasis due to E. histolytica to be made; unfortunately normal haematoxylin and eosin staining is not ideal for these parasites. Periodic acidSchiff (PAS) or d ...
Pemphigoid diseases: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
... [39]. In the second study, anti-BP230 and antiBP180 antibodies were detected in 61 and 79% of BP patients serum samples, respectively, while 8% had anti-BP230 autoantibodies without anti-BP180 autoantibodies [40]. Although the study by Charneux et al. found no relationship between a positive BP230 E ...
... [39]. In the second study, anti-BP230 and antiBP180 antibodies were detected in 61 and 79% of BP patients serum samples, respectively, while 8% had anti-BP230 autoantibodies without anti-BP180 autoantibodies [40]. Although the study by Charneux et al. found no relationship between a positive BP230 E ...
HBsAg II - Roche Canada
... The hepatitis B surface antigen, a polypeptide of varying size, is a component of the external envelope of the hepatitis B virus particle (HBV).1 The blood of persons infected with HBV contains, in addition to intact infectious HBV particles, smaller non-infectious “empty” envelope particles, which ...
... The hepatitis B surface antigen, a polypeptide of varying size, is a component of the external envelope of the hepatitis B virus particle (HBV).1 The blood of persons infected with HBV contains, in addition to intact infectious HBV particles, smaller non-infectious “empty” envelope particles, which ...
Protective effect of the maternally derived porcine circovirus type 2
... PCV2 antigen. The DTH response was PCV2-specific because skin lesions characteristic of the DTH response were only detected upon intradermal injection with PCV2 antigens and not with mock preparations. The PCV2specific proliferation was also detected by stimulating the PBMCs with PCV2 antigen, where ...
... PCV2 antigen. The DTH response was PCV2-specific because skin lesions characteristic of the DTH response were only detected upon intradermal injection with PCV2 antigens and not with mock preparations. The PCV2specific proliferation was also detected by stimulating the PBMCs with PCV2 antigen, where ...
Cervarix-H-C-721-P46-0088: EPAR - EMA
... Primary between-group comparisons to assess the non-inferiority at Month 7 were performed in the ATP cohort for immunogenicity on subjects seronegative by ELISA at Day 0 for the antigen under analysis. Subjects seropositive for only one antigen were eliminated for the analysis of that antigen but we ...
... Primary between-group comparisons to assess the non-inferiority at Month 7 were performed in the ATP cohort for immunogenicity on subjects seronegative by ELISA at Day 0 for the antigen under analysis. Subjects seropositive for only one antigen were eliminated for the analysis of that antigen but we ...
Early cytokine release in response to live largely complement independent
... Phagocytosis of spirochetes Samples of 50 mL FITC-labeled B. garinii LU59 or B. afzelii K78 spirochetes (108/mL blood) were incubated in 450 mL hirudin blood without (n = 3) or with (n = 1) Borrelia-specific antibodies for 30 min at 37uC in 2-mL tubes. EDTA, which binds the Ca2+ and Mg2+ that are ne ...
... Phagocytosis of spirochetes Samples of 50 mL FITC-labeled B. garinii LU59 or B. afzelii K78 spirochetes (108/mL blood) were incubated in 450 mL hirudin blood without (n = 3) or with (n = 1) Borrelia-specific antibodies for 30 min at 37uC in 2-mL tubes. EDTA, which binds the Ca2+ and Mg2+ that are ne ...
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies to Cryptic Collagen Sites by
... denatured and proteolyzed collagen, but exhibit little if any reactivity to triple helical collagen. Moreover, these unique MAbs are highly specific to distinct forms of collagen and do not crossreact with other ECM proteins. Interestingly, these MAbs were shown to be useful for a number of biochemi ...
... denatured and proteolyzed collagen, but exhibit little if any reactivity to triple helical collagen. Moreover, these unique MAbs are highly specific to distinct forms of collagen and do not crossreact with other ECM proteins. Interestingly, these MAbs were shown to be useful for a number of biochemi ...
Capra Colostrum
... looking into tests that will detect hGH. One proposed test measures levels of IGF-I in the blood that could lead to “clean” athletes who use colostrum to test positive. So, before you use colostrum, thoroughly check into the testing procedures used for the competition. ...
... looking into tests that will detect hGH. One proposed test measures levels of IGF-I in the blood that could lead to “clean” athletes who use colostrum to test positive. So, before you use colostrum, thoroughly check into the testing procedures used for the competition. ...
1 accounts for 30%
... in central nervous system (CNS) myelin (1), where BP is postulated to serve a structural role. BP is unique to myelin, and a similar, if not identical, protein designated P1 (2) is present in peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin (2-4). BP has a monomeric mol wt of 18,500 daltons and is comprised o ...
... in central nervous system (CNS) myelin (1), where BP is postulated to serve a structural role. BP is unique to myelin, and a similar, if not identical, protein designated P1 (2) is present in peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin (2-4). BP has a monomeric mol wt of 18,500 daltons and is comprised o ...
Characterizing the immune response to HIV-1 using host derived epitope R7V
... 1.1.5 Epidemiology of HIV in South Africa ............................................................. 8 1.1.6 Structure of HIV .......................................................................................... 10 1.1.7 Life cycle of HIV ..................................................... ...
... 1.1.5 Epidemiology of HIV in South Africa ............................................................. 8 1.1.6 Structure of HIV .......................................................................................... 10 1.1.7 Life cycle of HIV ..................................................... ...
THE HLA SYSTEM
... Radioactive) oligonucleotide probes, which are complementary for DNA sequences, characteristic for certain HLA antigens. These probes will then "type" for the presence of specific DNA sequences of HLA genes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF THE HLA SYSTEM Despite the temptation to think of them as "transplanta ...
... Radioactive) oligonucleotide probes, which are complementary for DNA sequences, characteristic for certain HLA antigens. These probes will then "type" for the presence of specific DNA sequences of HLA genes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF THE HLA SYSTEM Despite the temptation to think of them as "transplanta ...
Combined action of anti-CD4 autoantibodies
... low anti-CD4 antibodies in the blood, and vice versa - when the level of anti-CD4 antibodies is increasing rapidly, CD4 numbers can remain stable as compared to the cell numbers in IFA-injected rats. In sum, immunization of Wistar rats with HIV-1 gp120 induces chronic production of anti-CD4 autoanti ...
... low anti-CD4 antibodies in the blood, and vice versa - when the level of anti-CD4 antibodies is increasing rapidly, CD4 numbers can remain stable as compared to the cell numbers in IFA-injected rats. In sum, immunization of Wistar rats with HIV-1 gp120 induces chronic production of anti-CD4 autoanti ...
fulltext
... Animals deficient in complement components C1q, C4, C3, and CR1/2 have severely impaired antibody responses. C1q is primarily activated by antibody-antigen complexes. Antigen-specific IgM in complex with an antigen is able to enhance the antibody response against that antigen. This is dependent on t ...
... Animals deficient in complement components C1q, C4, C3, and CR1/2 have severely impaired antibody responses. C1q is primarily activated by antibody-antigen complexes. Antigen-specific IgM in complex with an antigen is able to enhance the antibody response against that antigen. This is dependent on t ...
host susceptibility to rotavirus infection and
... rotaviruses (with common genotypes of P[4], P[6], and P[8]) are sialidaseinsensitive. The sialidase-insensitive strains might recognize internal sialic acid residues (12), but the role of subterminal sialic acid in infection with rotaviruses has not been demonstrated. The lack of a defined receptor ...
... rotaviruses (with common genotypes of P[4], P[6], and P[8]) are sialidaseinsensitive. The sialidase-insensitive strains might recognize internal sialic acid residues (12), but the role of subterminal sialic acid in infection with rotaviruses has not been demonstrated. The lack of a defined receptor ...
Transmission-Blocking Immunity against Malaria: From Antigen
... Pfs25 antigen using Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant was completed.39 Although anti-Pfs25 human serum inhibited P. falciparum oocyst in An. stephensi by more than 90%, reactogenicity (native and systemic) in human volunteers prevented Montanide ISA 51 for being used as an adjuvant with Pfs25.39 DNA-based P ...
... Pfs25 antigen using Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant was completed.39 Although anti-Pfs25 human serum inhibited P. falciparum oocyst in An. stephensi by more than 90%, reactogenicity (native and systemic) in human volunteers prevented Montanide ISA 51 for being used as an adjuvant with Pfs25.39 DNA-based P ...
... alleles through the activation of CD4+ T-cells, that in turn might activate CD8+ suppressor T-cells. The immune system provides specific defence against foreign substances that enter the body. It is likely that the two types of responses referred to as humoral and cellular immunity co-exist, and whe ...
The Origins, Specificity, and Potential Biological
... multisubunit, transmembrane protein consisting of an immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgHC) covalently linked to an immunoglobulin light chain (IgLC) by disulfide bonds. The IgHC/IgLC heterodimer is noncovalently linked to the signaling subunits Igα and Igβ. Expression of the IgHC is primarily regulated ...
... multisubunit, transmembrane protein consisting of an immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgHC) covalently linked to an immunoglobulin light chain (IgLC) by disulfide bonds. The IgHC/IgLC heterodimer is noncovalently linked to the signaling subunits Igα and Igβ. Expression of the IgHC is primarily regulated ...
Common Features of Mucosal and Peripheral Antibody Responses
... poorly characterized. The RV144 clinical trial suggested that vaccine-elicited HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific humoral immune responses may have contributed to the partial protection observed for vaccinees (2), but mucosal immune responses were not assessed in that trial. In contrast, previous studies ...
... poorly characterized. The RV144 clinical trial suggested that vaccine-elicited HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific humoral immune responses may have contributed to the partial protection observed for vaccinees (2), but mucosal immune responses were not assessed in that trial. In contrast, previous studies ...
McCance, K
... not counted, and thus the patient appears to be thrombocytopenic, even though they are not (McCance & Huether, 2006). Many viral and bacterial infections are known to caue aquired thrombocytopenia, especially systemic and gram negative infections (Fauci, et. al., 2008). Mononucleosis, rubella, CMV a ...
... not counted, and thus the patient appears to be thrombocytopenic, even though they are not (McCance & Huether, 2006). Many viral and bacterial infections are known to caue aquired thrombocytopenia, especially systemic and gram negative infections (Fauci, et. al., 2008). Mononucleosis, rubella, CMV a ...
Effects of transformation on the hemagglutinins of Haemophilus paragallinarum L. R.R. BRAGG
... Horner et at. (1992) suggested that these organisms were not H. paragallinarum, by virtue of the fact that they did not require NAD for growth. On the other hand, Mouahid et at. (1992), using DNNDNA hybridization, and Bragg et at. (1993a), using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), established that these i ...
... Horner et at. (1992) suggested that these organisms were not H. paragallinarum, by virtue of the fact that they did not require NAD for growth. On the other hand, Mouahid et at. (1992), using DNNDNA hybridization, and Bragg et at. (1993a), using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), established that these i ...
Chemical basis of ABO subgroups
... investigation of the mechanisms behind selected A weak-subgroups and/or A weakphenotypes. A selected number of these were then biologically dissected and immunochemically and structurally investigated in details. Structural analysis of complex carbohydrate compounds is a delicate process where infor ...
... investigation of the mechanisms behind selected A weak-subgroups and/or A weakphenotypes. A selected number of these were then biologically dissected and immunochemically and structurally investigated in details. Structural analysis of complex carbohydrate compounds is a delicate process where infor ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.