Download plant, animal, and Fungus

Cell Organelles and
Processes
Cell Wall
• Is found in plant or
fungus cell , not
animal
• Outer layer
• Made of cellulose
• Supports and protects
cell
• Allows H2O, O2, CO2
to pass into and out of
cell
Cell Membrane
• Found in both plant and
animal cells
– Plant - inside cell wall
– Animal - outer layer
• Selectively permeable
(filter)
• Controls movement of
materials in/out of cell
Nucleus
• Found in all
eukaryotic (plant,
animal, and Fungus)
cells
• Large, oval
• Controls all cell
activities
• Contains DNA
Cytoplasm
• Found in all cells
• Clear, thick, jellylike material
• Supports /protects cell organelles
Mitochondria
• In all cells
• Bean-shaped with inner membranes
• Breaks down sugar molecules into energy
–Called “Power Plants” of the cell
Chloroplasts
• Found in plant, not
animal cells
• Green, oval
containing chlorophyll
(green pigment)
• Uses energy from sun
to make food for the
plant (photosynthesis)
Vacuole
•
•
•
•
Plant - large
Animal - small
Fluid-filled sacs
Store food, water,
waste (plants need to
store large amounts
of food)
Plant or Animal?
• Plant and animal cells are similar in structure but there
are differences.
• This is an illustration of a plant cell and animal cell
• Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do
not.
• Plant cells generally have a more rectangular
shape because the cell wall is more rigid.
• Animal cells have a round or irregular shape
because they do not have a cell wall.
• Both plant and animal cells contain a cell
membrane.
Comparing a Cell to a Factory
Turn your books to Page 20 (Book C)
End of Cell Structure Notes
Diffusion and Osmosis
• Diffusion - the process by which molecules spread from
areas of high concentration, to areas of low
concentration. When the molecules are even
throughout a space - it is called EQUILIBRIUM
• Osmosis - the diffusion of water (across a membrane)
• Like other molecules water will move until it’s evenly spread on
both sides of the membrane.
• For example: salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or
outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction. This is also
why you get thirsty after eating something salty.
• Suppose an animal or a plant cell is placed in a solution of
sugar or salt in water.
• If the medium is hypotonic — a dilute solution, with a higher water
concentration than the cell — the cell will gain water through
osmosis.
• If the medium is isotonic — a solution with exactly the same water
concentration as the cell — there will be no net movement of water
across the cell membrane.
• If the medium is hypertonic — a concentrated solution, with a lower
water concentration than the cell — the cell will lose water by
osmosis.
• So basically, if a cell is put in a solution which is more
concentrated than its own, then it will shrivel up, and if it is put
in a solution less concentrated than its own, the cell will
expand and burst.