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THE IMPORTANCE OF LISTENING • Our academic success, employment achivement and personal happiness may depend on our ability to listen efficiently. • Listening is an important method for learning at all academic levels. THE LISTENING PROCESS • Hearing is a biological activity that involves reception of a message through sensory channels. • Listening is a process that involves; - reception, - attention, - perception, - the assignment of meaning, - the listener’s response to the message presented. Reception • The first step in the listening process is the reception of a stimulus or message- both the auditory and visual message. • The hearing process is based on a complex set of physical interactions between the ear and the brain. • Besides using the hearing mechanism, we listen through our visual system. We observe a person’s facial expression, posture, movement and appearence which provide important cues that may not be obvious by listening to the verbal part of the message. Attention Role of Attention In listening, attention represents the focus on a specific stimulus selected from all the stimuli received at any moment. Attention to a stimuli occurs in a person’s short-term memory system. The listener’s ability to focus attention is limited. Role of Concentration Motivation plays an important role in activating this skill. Two factors that affect listening concentration are; - interest level and - difficulty of the message Role of Paraphrasing Making a summary of the ideas we have just received. Paraphrasing will help you determine whether you understand the material Perception • During the act of perception, a person takes the material received and attempts to evaluate what has been input. • As we listen to information, our perceptual filter strains the information to which we are listening through our background, culture, experience, role, mental and physical state, beliefs, attitudes and values. • The process of narrowing our attention to specific bits or pieces of information is referred to as selective perception. Assignment of Meaning Role of Assigning Meaning We develop mental categories for interpreting the messages we receive Role of Global / Linear Thinking / Listening The brain dominance accounts for learning and listening. The left hemisphere of the brain is most responsible for rational, logical, sequential, linear and abstract thinking. They are Linear learners / listeners. • The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for intuitive, spatial, visual and concrete matters. • They prefer generalized description than specific description. • They are labeled as Global listeners / learners. • Most people are a combination of global and linear learners and listeners. These people are more flexible while listening and learning. • A strategy useful to listeners in assigning meaning to messages is to differentiate factual statements from opinions. • And also we must recognize what our emotional biases are and how those biases affect interpretations of messages. Role of Culture in Listening A person’s culture also influences the listening and learning process. Role of Evaluation One of the greatest barriers to effective listening is the evaluation stage of the stimuli we receive. Active Listening • requires the listener to feed back what they hear to the speaker, by way of re-stating or paraphrasing what they have heard in their own words, to confirm what they have heard • involves the listener observing the speaker's behavior and body language