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Transcript
The Cerebellum 小脑 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 Position of Cerebellum Situated in the posterior cranial fossa Covered superiorly by the tentorium of cerebellum Cerebellum Position of Cerebellum Magnetic resonance images of the cerebellum of a 16-year-old female. Sagittal slice. Gross Appearance of Cerebellum Consists of two cerebellar hemisphere小 脑半球 joined by a narrow median vermis 小脑蚓 Gross Appearance of Cerebellum Superior view Anterior and posterior cerebellar notches Primary fissure 原裂 Inferior view Tonsil of cerebellum 小脑扁 桃体: two elevated masses on inferior surface of hemispheral portion just nearby foramen magnum Posterolateral fissure 后外侧裂 Gross Appearance of Cerebellum Nodule小结 Uvula of vermis 蚓垂 Pyramid of vermis 蚓锥体 Tuber of vermis 蚓结节 Lobs of Cerebellum Two deep fissures Primary fissure 原裂 Posterolateral fissure 后外侧裂 Three lobs Flocculonodular lobe 绒球小结叶 flocculus and nodule Anterior lobe Posterior lobe Corpus of cerebellar 小脑体 Structure of the Cerebellum Gray matter Cerebellar cortex Cerebellar nuclei Dentate nucleus 齿状核 Fastigial nucleus 顶核 Interposed nuclei 中间核 Emboliform nucleus 栓状核 Globose nucleus 球状核 White matter-medulla 髓质 Structure of the Cerebellum Cerebellar cortex Fastigial nucleus Globose nucleus Dentate nucleus medullary center Emboliform nucleus Three Functional Divisions Vestibulocerebellum 前庭小脑 Spinocerebellum 脊髓小脑 Archicerebellum 原小脑 Flocculonodular lobe Paleocerebellum 旧小脑 Anterior lobe and uvula and pyramid of vermis Cerebrocerebellum 大脑小脑 Neocerebellum 新小脑 Posterior lobe except uvula and pyramid of vermis White matter of cerebellum Three peduncles Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚 -connect with medulla and with spinal cord, contain both afferent and efferent fibers Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚-connect with pons, contain afferent fibers Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚-connect with midbrain, contain mostly efferent fibers Connections and Function of Cerebellum Archicerebellum 原小脑 (Vestibulocerebellum 前庭小脑) Connections Afferents: receive input from vestibular nuclei and primary vestibular Efferents: projects to the vestibular nucleus → vestibulospinal tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor neurons of anterior horn Function: involved in eye movements and maintain balance Connections and Function of Cerebellum Paleocerebellum 旧小脑 (Spinocerebellum 脊髓小脑) Connnection Afferents: receive somatic sensory information via spinocerebellar tracts Efferents fibers: projects to the fastigial and interposed nuclei → vestibular nuclei, reticular formation and red nucleus → vestibulospinal tract, reticulospinal tract and rubrospinal tract → motor neurons of anterior horn Function: control of muscle tone Connections and Function of Cerebellum Neocerebellum 新小脑 (Cerebrocerebellum 大脑小脑) Connection Afferents: receives input from the cerebral cortex via a relay in pontine nuclei Efferents: projects to dentate nucleus → dorsal thalamus and red nucleus→ primary motor cortex → corticospinal tract → motor neurons of anterior horn Function: coordinator of precise movements fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) of a volunteer executing repetitive finger movements of the right hand. The arm/trunk areal activity is attributable to a stabilization function.