Download Genetic Diseases and Gene Therapy

Yesterday:
Genetic Disorders
and
Gene Therapy
Today:
Genetic Engineering
What does Genetic Engineering mean to You?
Overview of Genetic
Engineering
• What are the differences between
cloning, recombinant DNA, and
genetic engineering?
• What are the tools we use for
genetic engineering?
– Plasmids
– Restriction Enzymes
– DNA Ligase
Cloning Involves Making Identical
Copies
“Cloning” can mean several things:
– To make many identical copies of a
DNA molecule or a particular stretch
of DNA (DNA cloning or molecular
cloning).
– To replicate an entire organism
(reproductive cloning).
Recombinant DNA
• Recombinant DNA is when two or
more pieces of DNA that don’t
normally go together are combined.
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic Engineering is the process
of using recombinant DNA
technology to genetically alter or
create new organisms.
Recombinant DNA Technology
Tools
• Plasmid Vectors
– To move DNA from one organism to
another.
• Restriction Enzymes
– “Molecular Scissors” to cut DNA in
specific places.
• DNA Ligase
– DNA “glue” to stick pieces of DNA
together.
Plasmids
Plasmids
Small, circular pieces of
“extra” DNA found in bacteria.
Plasmids often carry
antibiotic resistance.
Restriction Enzymes:
Molecular Scissors
A restriction enzyme
(RE) is a specialized
protein that cuts DNA
in a very specific
place.
Different REs cut at
different places along
the nucleotide
sequence.
Recombinant DNA
Cell DNA
DNA Ligase (Glue)
DNA fragment ligated
(inserted) into vector
creating recombinant
DNA molecule.
Today
• Gene Therapy Vector Engineering
Project.
– Use paper models to simulate the
process of engineering your
recombinant gene therapy vector.
• DNA sheet for the therapeutic gene
to treat the genetic disease you were
assigned.
• DNA sheet for the vector you chose
to treat the disease.
Materials
• In lab folder (one per group):
– Activity Instruction Sheet (WHITE)
– Answer/Data Sheet (WHITE)
– Restriction Enzyme Sheet (GREEN)
• Get from me (one per group):
– Vector DNA sheet (PINK)
– Therapeutic DNA sheet (BLUE)
• Other: scissors/glue stick