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Which of these differences is controlled by genes? Epistasis- Phenotype from one allele depends of the allele present at another gene locus Two gene pairs interact to govern coat color in Labrador retrievers Gene locus with alleles E or e determines where or not coat pigment is produced Gene locus with alleles B or b determines coat color Which allele at each locus is dominant? Human eye color An individual with brown and blue alleles of the bey2 gene on chromosome 15. There are two copies of chromosome 15. Each copy has the bey2 gene. On one copy the bey2 gene is in the brown allele, in the other the bey2 gene is in the blue allele. The difference between the brown and blue alleles is due to some difference in the genetic code for each gene (the DNA sequence for the bey2 gene isn't yet known). Quantitative Traits- Controlled by more than one gene loci, each acting independently Result in continuous variation in the trait 10 gene loci affect a trait Pedigree of a family affected by alcoholism. Disease determined by genes Karyotype analysis Cystic Fibrosis- recessive disorder In vitro Fertilization Procedure Eight cell embryo Each cell called a blastomere All are identical up to 8 cell stage Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 2 blastomeres are removed for chromosome or genetic tests Examples of genetic tests on blastomeres • • • • • • Sex Trisomies- extra chromosomes Huntington’s Disease Cystic fibrosis Sickle cell anemia Thallacemia • http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Hum an_Genome/posters/chromosome/chooser.s html • http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Hum an_Genome/posters/chromosome/omim.sht ml